山西玉米产业现状与发展思考

目的研究能快速准确测定玉米种子活力的技术方法。方法采用3个年份生产的杂交玉米种子，玉米种胚经四唑染色后，利用数码显微镜 (Smart Zoom 5) 拍照和获取四唑染色图像，测定种胚中胚根、胚轴、胚芽和子叶(盾片)结构的染色面积和染色深浅，并与田间出苗率做相关性分析。结果玉米种胚各结构全部染色且颜色深时，种子活力水平与田间出苗率具有显著相关性，其相关系数为1.000；若种胚全部未染色、全部染色浅和只有部分结构染色的种子则与田间出苗率呈显著负相关关系，其相关系数分别为−0.905、−0.921和−1.000。
结论玉米种子经四唑染色后，只有种胚结构全部染色且颜色深的种子，在田间才能够出苗，可判定为有活力的种子；而种胚部分结构染色或者全部染色但颜色浅的种子，在田间不能出苗，即为无活力的种子。这一结论可为快速测定玉米种子活力提供新的技术方法和指标，为玉米种子质量检验提供了一种准确、实用、方便和廉价的测定方法，可供种子检验机构和种业公司采用。

Seed vigor testing: an overview of the past,present and future perspective

PurposeTo develop a rapid and accurate method for determination of maize seed vigor.MethodUsing hybrid maize seeds produced in 3 years, the embryos of the maize embryos were stained with tetrazolium, and then digital microscope (Smart Zoom 5) was used to photograph and obtain tetrazolium staining imagination of maize embryo structure, the stained area and the extent of the staining of the radicle, hypocotyl, plumule and cotyledon (scutellum) of seed embryo were measured, the correlation analysis was made with the field emergence of maize seeds.ResultThere was a significant correlation between seed and field emergence when all parts of maize embryo structure were staining and the staining color was red, the correlation coefficient was 1.000; and there was a significant negative correlation between the field emergence and the seeds stained in white or light color (pink), or only part of embryo structure staining, and the correlation coefficient was −0.905, −0.
921 and −1.000, respectively.ConclusionWhen the seed embryo is staining with all the embryo structures and the color is red, the seed can emergence in the field and be judged to be vigorous seeds. On the contrary, the seed embryo is staining with part of the embryo structures and the color is red; the seeds embryo structure stained in white or light color (pink), the seed cannot emergence in the field and be judged to be non-vigorous or non-viable. This conclusion is for TTC staining method used for determination of maize seed vigor directly, which is a rapid, accurate, practice and economy technical method, could be used for seed quality testing institutions and seed companies for seed vigor assessment.