毛管布置模式对北疆滴灌复播青储玉米光合特性和产量的影响

当前生产中复播毛管布置模式各异,没有发挥滴灌技术应有的功效,水分利用效率低下,为探讨出合理的复播毛管布置模式,以青储玉米品种‘瑞玉F98’为材料,在灌水定额和施肥总量相同的条件下,通过测坑试验研究了6种毛管布置模式(ZR1种植间距为20 cm+60 cm、ZR2种植间距为30 cm+30 cm、ZR3种植间距为30 cm+45 cm、ZR4种植间距为25 cm+37.5 cm、ZR5种植间距为30 cm+50 cm、ZR6种植间距为30 cm+40 cm)对青储玉米光合特性和产量的影响。结果表明,不同毛管布置模式青储玉米叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度和水分利用效率的日变化规律相近。ZR1和ZR2模式净光合速率和水分利用效率总体上高于其他4种模式,蒸腾速率、气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度低于其他模式。毛管布置模式显著影响玉米产量,ZR2模式产量最高,分别比ZR1、ZR3、ZR4、ZR5和ZR6高2.8%、58.8%、67.7%、53.4%和35.5%。ZR1和ZR2毛管布置模式是能够提高复播青储玉米光合作用和产量的2种模式。

Effect of Capillary Configurations on Photosynthetic Characteristic and Yield ofMultiple Cropped Silage Maize in Drip Irrigated Area of Northern Xinjiang

Due to different capillary configurations for silage maize, the drip irrigation technique has not been well utilized currently, resulting in low efficiency of water utilization. With the material of F98 silage maize and the condition of fixed quantities of irrigation and fertilizer, this study aims to examine the appropriate capillary configurations. Six configuration models based on the leaching-pond tests were carried out to evaluate their influences on the photosynthetic characteristic and yield of silage maize, including ZR1 with spacing 20 cm 60 cm, ZR2 with spacing 30 cm 30 cm, ZR3 with spacing 30 cm 45 cm, ZR4 with spacing 25 cm 37.5 cm, ZR5 with spacing 30 cm 50 cm, and ZR6 with spacing 30 cm 40 cm. Results showed that there were similar daily characteristics of net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, concentration of inter-cell CO₂ and the efficiency of water utilization of silage maize leaves. The net photosynthetic rate and the efficiency of water utilization in ZR1 and ZR2 were generally higher than those in other modes, while transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and concentration of inter-cell CO₂ were lower. Different configurations had significant impacts on yield. The highest yield was obtained from ZR2 mode, which was 2.8%, 58.8%, 67.7%, 53.4% and 35.5% higher than that of ZR1, ZR3, ZR4, ZR5 and ZR6, respectively. ZR1 and ZR2 were the two most suitable capillary configurations for increasing the photosynthesis and yield of silage maize.