A simulation model to study land use strategies in swidden agriculture systems |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Biology, Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia;2. Ecosystem Dynamics Group, Research School of Biological Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia;1. Soil Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa;2. IRD, UMR 242 IEES-Paris, 32 Av. H. Varagnat 93143, Bondy cedex, France;3. Institute for Commercial Forestry Research, PO Box 100281, Scottsville 3209, South Africa;4. South African Sugarcane Research Institute, Private Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe 4300, South Africa;5. Department of Soil, Crops and Climate Sciences, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa;6. Hydrology, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa;1. Minnesota Forest Resources Council, 1530 Cleveland Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA;2. Virginia Water Resources Research Center, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Virginia Tech, 210 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0001, USA;3. Center for the Environment, Plymouth State University, 17 High Street, Plymouth, NH, 03264, USA;1. Division of Cardiology, St. Paul''s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;2. Division of Cardiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom;3. Division of Cardiology, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand;4. Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Royal Children''s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia;1. Researcher in Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, Tartu, 51014, Estonia;2. Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Estonia |
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| Abstract: | Development has ended isolation in many parts of Kalimantan, Indonesia, and provides previously isolated communities with the opportunity for greater involvement in a market economy. This paper describes the use of a simulation model to study the possible impacts of greater involvement in cash cropping in swidden agricultural systems. The model uses both individual-based and rule-based modelling approaches. The model formulation is based on a previous report of the social structure, culture and agricultural production system of the Kantu’ in West Kalimantan [Dove, M.R., 1985. Swidden Agriculture in Indonesia: The Subsistence Strategies of the Kalimantan Kantu’. Mouton Publishers, Berlin]. The model simulates: (1) births, deaths, marriage, household formation and dissolution; (2) land use decisions on the type, number and location of swidden cultivation; and (3) tracks the consequences of those decisions at a landscape level as well as the economic welfare of the households. The model deals with swidden cultivation of rice and the planting and tapping of rubber. The paper presents a simulation ‘experiment’ that compares different land use strategies under a scenario of fluctuating rubber price. An important finding is that maintaining swidden cultivation as ‘an option’ in the farming system, rather than permanently replacing swidden cultivation with cash cropping, appears to be a safer strategy to moderate the impact of commodity price fluctuations. |
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