毛梾的生物学特性研究

以陕西省杨凌区、河南省卢氏县汤河镇、山东省淄博市沂源县东里镇毫山林场和山西省阳城市横河林场的15～20a生健康毛梾单株为研究对象,进行形态特征、开花结实习性和物候期的观察研究。结果表明:1)毛梾单株大小年现象普遍,约占调查单株的58.9%;毛梾结果枝率和当年生枝条长度变异系数最大,分别为39.2%和30.4%,变异幅度分别为10%～44%和58～142cm,可作为毛梾高产单株的选优参考指标;2)进入结果盛期后,每结果枝上可着生16～54个花序,每个花序有73～133个白色小花,而座果率仅为2.63%～13.70%;3)毛梾物候期依种源地先后顺序为陕西>山东>山西>河南,但总体来讲,毛梾属于先叶后花植物,各物候期的持续时间与当地的小气候条件关系密切,前后相差约7～15d,有些可能更长;4)毛梾具有2次开花现象,虽然整齐度低花量少,但在生产中具有重要意义,是今后无霜期较短地区育种研究的方向之一。

Biological Characteristics of Cornus wateri

Morphological characteristics,flowering-fruiting habits and phenological period of adult Cornus wateri with the ages of 15 to 20 years old in Yangling,Tanghe township,Haoshan Forest Farm and Henghe Forest Farm.The results showed that: 1) Biennial bearing commonly occurred in individual tree plant,and the proportion accounted for 58.9% of the total.High rate of fruit-bearing branches and high coefficients of variation of annual shoot length were observed,accounting for 39% and 30% respectively,they are good for breeding high yield plants.2) Every branch had 16-25 corymbose cymes,each inflorescence had 73-133 flowers,efficiency of bearing fruit was 2.63%-13.70%.3) The phenological rhythms of C.wateri in different sites were in a sequence of Shannxi>Shandong>Shanxi>Henan,as a whole,the flowers appeared before the leaves.The duration of phenological phases was closely related with microclimate.4) A second bloom appeared in C.wateri,though it had a low uniformity and fewer flowers,but it had a special significance in breeding in short frost-free areas.