贮藏时间对饲用燕麦种子寄藏真菌及真菌毒素的影响

为明确贮藏时间对饲用燕麦种子中寄藏真菌和真菌毒素的影响，本研究通过平板培养法、形态学观察和rDNA-ITS序列分析法，对3个燕麦（Avena sativa）品种种子携带的真菌进行了分离鉴定；通过高效液相色谱质谱联用法对优势菌属产生的毒性较强的3种真菌毒素细交链孢酮酸（TeA）、黄曲霉毒素B₁（AFB₁）和桔青霉素（CIT）进行了检测和分析。结果表明：饲用燕麦种子的带菌量随贮藏时间的增加总体呈降低趋势。从供试材料中共检出真菌16属34种，优势属为链格孢菌属、曲霉菌属和青霉菌属；带菌种类和分离率随贮藏年限的变化差异显著，不同品种的带菌情况也差异显著；3种真菌毒素随贮藏年限的延长基本呈先升后降的趋势，贮藏年限和品种间的互作对毒素含量的影响最大。综上，贮藏时间对饲用燕麦种子的带菌情况和真菌毒素检出量影响显著。

Effect of Storage Time on Storage Fungi and Mycotoxins of Forage Oat Seeds

In order to clarify the effect of storage time on the fungi and mycotoxins of forage oat seeds,the fungi from oat seeds were isolated and identified by plate culture,morphological identification and rDNA-ITS sequence analysis. The content of TeA,AFB₁and CIT produced by dominant fungi genera were detected and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The results showed that the amount of fungi of forage oat seeds generally showed a decreasing trend with the increase of storage time. A total of 34 fungi species of 16 genera were detected from the test materials,the dominant genera were Alternaria spp.,Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp.,the fungi species and isolation rates varied significantly with storage time,different varieties also showed remarkable differences. The three mycotoxins increased first and then decreased with the increasing storage time. The interaction between storage time and varieties showed the greatest effect on the content of three mycotoxins. In conclusion,the storage time had a significant effect on the detection of fungi and the content of mycotoxins.