栀子鲜花花水和鲜花细胞液气相和液相的成分分析

【目的】 通过比较栀子鲜花花水和鲜花细胞液的成分差异,为栀子鲜花花水和鲜花细胞液品质评价以及栀子花功能产品开发提供科学指导。【方法】 利用顶空固相微萃取/气相色谱—质谱联用技术（HS-SPME/ GC-MS）分析栀子鲜花花水和鲜花细胞液中的香气成分,通过计算机谱库和人工谱图解析,对香气成分进行定性鉴定和定量分析;利用超高效液相色谱—质谱联用技术（UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS）分析栀子鲜花花水和鲜花细胞液的化学成分,通过数据库比对,对化学成分进行定性鉴定和定量分析。【结果】 栀子鲜花花水和鲜花细胞液中均含有大量的芳樟醇,相对含量分别达到63.00%和69.37%,栀子鲜花花水中检测出香气成分79种,鲜花细胞液中检测出香气成分56种,均含有醇类化合物、萜烯类化合物、酯类化合物、醛类化合物、酮类化合物、酚类化合物等8个种类的化合物。栀子鲜花花水和鲜花细胞液中醇类化合物和萜烯类化合物的相对含量总和分别达到72.00%和95.71%。栀子鲜花花水和鲜花细胞液在正、负离子模式下分别鉴定了200个、212个和46个、54个代谢成分,栀子鲜花花水和鲜花细胞液在正、负离子模式下均以生物碱类成分为主,正离子模式下生物碱类成分的相对含量分别达到47.10%和45.21%,负离子模式下分别为3.21%和13.45%。具有抗焦虑生理作用的生物碱类成分芥酸酰胺在栀子鲜花花水和鲜花细胞液中的相对含量最高。栀子鲜花花水中存在较多的抗菌、抗炎成分如双氢青蒿素、山茶皂苷元B、羟基积雪草苷以及双环孢素、塔罗霉素A等抗生素。【结论】 栀子鲜花细胞液较栀子鲜花花水具有充足的头香,但持香时间短,而栀子鲜花花水的香气成分较栀子鲜花细胞液丰富,具有良好的头香和底香,持香时间长。生物碱类成分是栀子花中的主要特征性物质,可作为评价指标用于栀子鲜花花水和鲜花细胞液的品质评价。

Composition Analysis of Gas Phase and Liquid Phase of Fresh Floral Water Extract and Fresh Flowers Cell Sap from Gardenia jasminoides

【Objective】 In order to provide a scientific guidance for evaluating the quality of the fresh floral water extract (FFWE) and fresh flowers cell sap (FFCS) of Gardenia jasminoides and functional products development of Gardenia jasminoides flower, the comparison of component difference between the FFWE and FFCS of Gardenia jasminoides were conducted. 【Method】 The aroma components in FFWE and FFCS of Gardenia jasminoides were analyzed by headspace solid phase microextraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS). The qualitative and quantitative analyses of aroma components were carried on by computer spectrum library and artificial spectrum analysis. The chemical constituents of FFWE and FFCS of Gardenia jasminoides were analyzed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS), and then those components were identified and quantified by database comparison. 【Result】 Both the FFWE and FFCS of Gardenia jasminoides contained a large amount of linalool, their relative contents reached 63.00% and 69.37%, respectively. 79 aroma components were detected in FFWE, while 56 aroma components were detected in FFCS. 8 kinds of compounds, such as alcohols, terpenes, esters, aldehydes, ketones, and phenols, were found in both FFWE and FFCS. The total relative contents of alcohols and terpenes in FFWE and FFCS of Gardenia jasminoides reached 72.00% and 95.71%, respectively. 200, 212 and 46, 54 metabolites were identified in FFWE and FFCS of Gardenia jasminoides under the positive and negative ion mode, respectively. Under the positive and negative ion mode, FFWE and FFCS of Gardenia jasminoides were mainly comprised of alkaloids, of which the relative contents under the positive ion mode reached 47.10% and 45.21%, respectively; while under the negative ion mode were 3.21% and 13.45%, respectively. The highest relative content of the alkaloids found in both FFWE and FFCS of Gardenia jasminoides was erucicamide, which had anti-anxiety activity. More antibacterial and anti-inflammatory components, such as dihydroartemisinin, camelliagenin B, madecassic acid, and antibiotics, such as diplosporin and talaromycin A, were found in FFWE than in FFCS of Gardenia jasminoides. 【Conclusion】 The FFCS of Gardenia jasminoides had more sufficient head fragrance, but the aroma holding time was shorter than FFWE. However, the aroma components of the FFWE of Gardenia jasminoides was more abundant than that of FFCS, which had good head fragrance and bottom fragrance, and longer aroma holding time. Alkaloids were the main characteristic substances in Gardenia jasminoides flower, which could be used as evaluation index in the qualification evaluation of FFWE and FFCS of Gardenia jasminoides.