阿拉尔野生一年生草木樨资源的生产性能和营养品质研究

为了发掘野生种质资源的优良性状，选育一年生草木樨（Melilotus）新品种，本试验以采自新疆阿拉尔市区稀有的野生一年生细齿草木樨（Melilotus dentatus Pers.）和野生一年生白花草木樨（M.albus Desr.）为材料，以‘牧科草木樨1号’（M.officinalis ‘Muke sweet clover No.1’）为对照，于2016-2017年在新疆阿拉尔市对其农艺性状和营养成分进行了测定和分析。结果表明，一年生细齿草木樨的初花期比‘牧科草木樨1号’晚39~41 d，干草产量为12 078.64 kg·hm^-2（2016年）和10 473.83 kg·hm^-2（2017年），比‘牧科草木樨1号’产量增加200.96%（2016年）和106.78%（2017年），等权关联度最高。一年生白花草木樨的初花期比‘牧科草木樨1号’晚6 d，干草产量为5 610.43 kg·hm^-2（2016年）和5 335.68 kg·hm^-2（2017年），比‘牧科草木樨1号’产量增加39.79%（2016年）和5.34%（2017年），粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量分别为18.33%，42.00%和35.23%，等权关联度排列第二。阿拉尔野生一年生细齿草木樨和野生一年生白花草木樨种质资源的产量较高，综合表现较好，是一年生草木樨新品种选育的重要基因资源和基础材料。

Study on Production Performance and Nutritional Quality of Alar Wild Annual Melilotus Resource

To explore excellent characters of wild Melilotus germplasm resources and then to breed new varieties of annual sweet clover,a rare wild annual banat sweet clover (Melilotus dentatus Pers.) and a rare wild annual white sweet clover (Melilotus albus Desr.) were collected in Alar city of Xinjiang,and their agronomic characters and nutrient composition were analyzed in comparison with ‘Muke sweet clover No.1’(M. officinalis ‘Muke sweet clover No.1’) in Alar city of Xinjiang from 2016 to 2017. The results showed that the initial bloom stages of annual banat sweet clover were 39 to 41 days late than that of ‘Muke sweet clover No.1’. The hay yields of the annual banat sweet clover were 12 078.64 kg·hm^-2 and 10 473.83 kg·hm^-2 in 2016 and 2017,respectively,which were 200.96% and 106.78% higher than those of ‘Muke sweet clover No.1’. The equal weight correlation degree of the annual banat sweet clover was the highest in the tested accessions. The initial bloom stage of annual white sweet clover was 6 days late than that of ‘Muke sweet clover No.1’. The hay yields of the annual white sweet clover were 5 610.43 kg·hm^-2 and 5 335.68 kg·hm^-2 in 2016 and 2017,respectively,which were 39.79% and 5.34% higher than those of ‘Muke sweet clover No.1’. The crude protein,neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents of annual white sweet clover were 18.33%,42.00% and 35.23%,respectively. The equal weight correlation degree of annual white sweet clover ranked second in the tested accessions. In sum,both wild annual Melilotus resources from Alar city had high yield and excellent comprehensive performance,and were precious gene resources and basic materials for the breeding of new varieties of annual sweet clover.