食用菌菌糠替代草炭制备烤烟漂浮育苗基质研究

以双孢蘑菇菌糠和平菇菌糠为试验材料,探索应用食用菌菌糠替代草炭制备烤烟漂浮育苗基质的效果。双孢蘑菇菌糠主要成分是稻草和牛粪,平菇菌糠主要成分是棉籽壳。双孢蘑菇菌糠和平菇菌糠的电导率均较高,分别为3.72 ms/cm和2.05 ms/cm,两者未经淋洗直接配制育苗基质,烟草出苗率均低于55%,出苗后均不能正常生长;淋洗后电导率分别降至0.63 ms/cm和0.44ms/cm,配制基质的烟草出苗率显著提高,分别为77%和62%。在基质中添加1%的PGPR菌肥,播种后25 d,双孢蘑菇菌糠基质的出苗率可达到83%,与商品基质无显著性差异,成苗素质与商品基质也无显著性差异,说明其能够替代商品基质中的草炭。平菇菌糠中棉籽壳硬度大,吸水保水能力差,其基质出苗率低,不能替代草炭。

Substituting Spent Mushroom Substrate for Peat to Prepare Floating System Medium for Flue-cured Tobacco

The purpose of this study is to investigate using spent mushroom substrate as a substitute for peat to prepare floating system medium for culture of seedling in flue-cured tobacco.The spent mushroom substrates(SMS) selected were collected from the cultivation of Agaricus bisporus(AbSMS) and Pleurotus ostreatus(PoSMS).The main components of AbSMS were straw and cattle dung,and cotton seed shell to PoSMS.Before leaching,the conductivities of AbSMS and PoSMS before leaching were 3.72ms/cm and 2.05ms/cm,respectively.Using the unleached SMS to prepare floating system medium,the emergence ratio of seedling of was considerably low and fewer than 55%.After leaching the conductivities of those SMS were reduced to 0.63ms/cm and 0.44ms/cm,respectively.Using the leached SMS to prepare floating system medium,the emergence ratio of seedling was significantly increased to 77% and 62%,compared with the unleached SMS,respectively.After sowing 25d,the emergence ratio of seedling in the medium prepared by leached AbSMS with addition of 1% PGPR bacterial manure was 83%,and had no difference from commercial medium,and also the agronomic characters of seedling were not different from commercial medium.It showed that leached AbSMS could substitute for peat to prepare floating system medium.However,the rigidity of cotton seed shell in PoSMS was higher,accordingly its water absorption capacity and water keeping capacity were low,and did not suit substituting for peat.