氮肥类型和用量对冬小麦品质的影响

在连续4年有机无机氮肥配施试验基础上，设置不同冬小麦品种研究氮肥类型（无机肥氮、 有机肥氮以及有机肥氮与无机肥氮配施）和用量（N 0、45、90、120、180 和 240 kg/hm2）对冬小麦子粒品质的影响。结果表明， 中穗型品种石麦15和大穗型品种潍麦8的子粒产量和各项品质指标差异显著，其中石麦15 的产量、沉降值、形成时间和稳定时间分别比潍麦 8 高12.62%、5.09%、5.85%、25.35%，而粗蛋白、 湿面筋和吸水率则比潍麦8 显著低11.03%、15.51%、 5.49%。子粒产量、 粗蛋白、 湿面筋和沉降值及形成时间与植株吸氮量极显著正相关，吸水率和稳定时间与植株吸氮量的相关性较差。单施无机氮180 kg/hm2（0/180 处理）和240 kg/hm2（0/240 处理）及有机无机氮配施 240 kg/hm2（120/120 处理）植株吸氮量最高且三者差异不显著，而单施有机氮240 kg/hm2（240/0 处理）植株吸氮量显著低于0/180、0/240 和120/120 处理。施氮量小于240 kg/hm2 时等氮量比较，单施无机氮吸氮量大于有机无机配施，单施有机氮最小；且施氮量越低，不同施氮类型间吸氮量差异越小。两品种均在单施无机氮180 和 240 kg/hm2 时产量最高且各项品质指标最优，有机无机氮配施120/120 处理对比等量无机氮单施 0/240 处理产量不降低且品质指标不下降，单施有机氮240/0 处理产量和子粒品质都较 0/240 和120/120处理差；施氮量低于240 kg/hm2 时，单施无机氮处理的产量和各项品质指标优于有机无机配施，有机无机配施又优于单施有机氮，这与有机肥供氮不足有关。

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer types and input rates on winter wheat quality

A 4 years organic and inorganic N combined application experiment was conducted to study the effects of N input types and rates on the grain yield and quality of different winter wheat cultivars. Three N input types(organic N, inorganic N, organic N combined with inorganic N), six N input rates(N 0, 45, 90, 120, 180, 240 kg/ha) and two winter wheat cultivars(Shimai 15 and Weimai 8) were selected in this paper. The results showed that cultivars, N input types and rates had significant effects on grain yield and quality parameters. The grain yield, sedimentation value, development time, stability time of Shimai 15 were 12.62%, 5.09%, 5.85%, 25.35% higher than those of Weimai 8, crude protein, wet gluten and water absorption of Shimai 15 were 11.03%, 15.51%, 5.49% lower than those of Weimai 8. The grain yield, crude protein, wet gluten, sedimentation value and development time were significantly positive correlated with plant N uptake, while the water absorption and stability time had low correlations with plant N uptake. The treatments of 0/180 and 0/240(inorganic N 180 and 240 kg/ha) had the highest plant N uptakes and grain yields and improved grain quality which were also true in the treatment of 120/120(combined organic N 120 kg/ha with inorganic N 120 kg/ha). When organic N was single applied, all the high(240 kg/ha), middle(120 kg/ha) and low(45 kg/ha) N input rates had the lowest plant N uptake and grain yields and quality compared to the same N input rate of inorganic N single application and organic and inorganic N combined application due to the low nitrogen supply capacity of manure.