我国西北主要天然林经营模式设计

目的]研制森林经营模式属于森林经营研究的核心内容.如何将现有的、已被实践检验而富有成效的经营方法与技术进行组装配套,形成森林经营模式是目前天然林经营研究中亟待解决的科学问题.方法]将天然林经营的目标设定为保育健康、稳定、优质、高效的森林,根据现有林中大径木的多少确定经营类型,基于众多的试验结果或研究成果进行经营措施安排,期望在百年左右的时段内,通过有序调整小树拥挤度、大树均匀性、林分成层性和幼树开敞度,并进行地力维护以及结构化森林经营等技术措施,使现有天然林演变为恒续林.结果]设计出了3大类20种经营模式,即9种针叶林(松林、云杉林)复层异龄林模式、4种栎类阔叶林模式以及7种松栎(阔)混交林模式.所设计出的天然林经营模式都包含了林分整体经营和单木经营,而在单木经营中均采用了结构化森林经营技术.结论]研究设计出的20个经营模式为我国西北地区天然林保育提供了既先进又实用的技术指南,也对我国其它地区天然林经营有非常重要的借鉴作用.

Management Models for Natural Forests in Northwestern China

Objective]To design the forest management models combining and assembling the existing, proven and effective management methods and techniques.Method]The forest management types were determined by the number of large-and medium-diameter trees in the forest and the management measures were adopted based on a number of management experiments or research outcomes.The management objectives of natural forest were set as the protection and cultivation of healthy, stable, high-quality and efficient forest. By adjusting the small trees crowding,the uniformity of large tree, the forest layers, the sapling opening, the soil fertility maintenance and structure-based forest management technical measures, current natural forests can evolve into continual cover forests in the period of about a hundred years. Result] 20 management models were designed, involving 3 categories of forests, namely 9 types of multi-storied uneven-aged coniferous forests (pine, spruce), 4 types of oak-broadleaved mixed forests and 7 types of pine-oak (broadleaved) mixed forests.The designed natural forest management models included whole stand management measures and individual tree management measures, while structure-based forest management technical measures were implemented in all measures of individual tree management.Conclusion] The research provides both advanced and practical technology guidance for the protection and cultivation of the natural forest in Northwestern China.These management models can offer some management references for natural forests in other regions.