稀植栽培对旱地冬小麦光合特性、产量及水分利用效率的影响

为了探明稀植栽培对旱地冬小麦光合特性、产量及水分利用效率的影响,在大田试验条件下,测定分析了不同稀植条件下4个主茎和分蘖成穗并重型冬小麦品种旗叶的光合速率、光合量子产量、相对电子传递速率及群体透光特性、小麦籽粒产量和水分利用效率.结果表明,在从扬花到蜡熟期,稀植栽培可使小麦旗叶光合速率、光合量子产量、相对电子传递速率和群体透光率提高,各品种之间变化较为一致.播量为450万株/hm~2(传统高产栽培播量)处理比150万株/hm2播量处理旗叶的光合衰减率提高25.2～43.5个百分点,光合量子产量和相对电子传递速率分别降低2.95%～20.68%和10.66%～18.32%,群体上层的光截获量增加,中下部受光条件较差.表明稀植栽培下小麦生育后期在光合能力、电子传递和光能转化方面均具有明显优势.适当降低播量(300～375万株/hm~2),建立合理的群体结构,冬小麦籽粒产量和水分利用效率较播量为450万株/hm~2处理分别平均提高12.55%和14.48%,表明适当稀植栽培能显著提高冬小麦的产量和水分利用效率.

Effects of low seedling density cultivation on photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield and water use efficiency of dryland winter wheat

In order to evaluate effects of low seedling density cultivation on photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield and water use efficiency of dryland winter wheat,the photosynthetic rate and photosynthesis yield and relative electron transport rate of winter wheat flag leaves,light transmission rate of population,grain yield and water use efficiency were measured and analyzed with 4 winter wheat varieties under lower density in field experiments.The results showed that,in the period from anthesis to dough ...