11种植物精油对2种棉花病原菌的抑菌活性

【目的】研究11种植物精油的抑菌活性,为棉花病害的生物防治提供依据。【方法】采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取11种香料植物精油,采用生长速率抑制法测定精油对2种棉花病原真菌的抑菌活性。【结果】青花椒、肉桂、八角等7种植物精油对尖孢镰刀菌具有较强的抑菌活性,其中肉桂油、大蒜油的活性最好,荆芥油、八角油和丁香油次之;肉桂、大蒜、荆芥和孜然对尖孢镰刀菌的EC₅₀值分别为22.89 、51.33 、79.71和101.97 mg /L。肉桂、丁香、大蒜、荆芥、花椒、孜然6种植物精油对串珠镰刀菌具有较强的抑菌活性,其中肉桂油、丁香油的活性最好,大蒜油、荆芥油、花椒油和孜然油次之;肉桂、大蒜和丁香对串珠镰刀菌的EC₅₀值分别为83.15、123.33和99.20 mg /L。【结论】肉桂油、大蒜油、荆芥油对2种病原真菌均有较好的抑菌效果,孜然油对尖孢镰刀菌(萎蔫专化型)有较好的抑菌效果,丁香油对串珠镰刀菌有较好的抑菌效果,这5种高活性植物精油具有开发为天然杀菌剂的潜力。

Fungicidal Activities of 11 Essential Oils Derived from Common Spices against Two Cotton Diseases

【Objective】 To evaluate the eleven essential oils of common spices in China for fungicidal activities against the two fungi, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. Vasinfectum and Fusarium moniliforme in the hope of providing basis for biological control of cotton diseases.【Method】 Water-distilled essential oils from 11 plants, fungicidal activities of 11 essential oils were measured by using the method of mycelium growth rate.【Result】 The results showed that seven essential oils exhibited antifungal efficacy against F. oxysporum. Among all the essential oils, four essential oils Cinnamomum cassia, Allium sativum, Nepeta cataria and Cuminum cyminum possessed fungicidal toxicity against F. oxysporum with an EC₅₀ value of 22.89, 51.33, 79.71 and 101.97 mg/L, respectively. Six essential oils (C. cassia, Syzygium aromaticum, A. sativum, N. cataria, Zanthoxylum bungeanum and C. cyminum ) possessed fungicidal toxicity against F. moniliforme, among all the essential oils, two essential oils C. cassia,A. sativum and S. aromaticum showed strongest fungicidal activity, with an EC₅₀ value of 83.15, 123.33 and 99.20 mg /L, respectively.【Conclusion】 The study indicates that five essential oils ( C. cassia, A. sativum, N. cataria, C. cyminum and S. aromaticum) have potential to be developed into natural fungicide for the control natural and sustainable eco-friendly botanical fungicide for the control of cotton diseases, which provides a theoretical basis for the development and application of fungicide.