日本《外来入侵物种法》及对我国外来物种管理立法和科研的启示

日本政府于2004年6月颁布了《外来入侵物种法》,10月环境省制定的《预防外来入侵生物对生态系统造成不利影响的基本政策》通过内阁决议,该法案于2005年6月1日起生效。本文简要介绍了日本外来生物管理有关策略和基本政策,并针对我国现状提出了外来物种管理立法及科研方面的建议:(1)成立国家级外来物种管理委员会及外来物种专家委员会,统筹外来物种管理工作;(2)对现有法律法规体系进行系统评估,加强外来物种管理立法;(3)加强对外来物种的科学研究,特别是加强外来入侵物种环境风险评估系统建设;(4)进一步加强建立国家级、一站式的外来物种数据库和外来物种数据交换所,促进信息交流。

Japanese 'Invasive Alien Species Act' and the enlightenment for the management legislation and investigation on alien species of China

On June of 2004,Japanese government issued the 'Invasive Alien Species Act'(IAS Act),and on October,the Cabinet approved the 'Basic Policy for Preventing Adverse Effects on Ecosystems Caused by Invasive Alien Species' and announced the enforcement date for IAS Act,i.e.June 1,2005.This paper provided a brief introduction to the basic policy for managing IAS in Japan and proposed some strategies for management legislation and research on IAS in China as followed:(1)Establishing national-level Invasive Species Committee and Invasive Species Specialist Committee for planning the management of invasive species.(2)Conducting a thorough assessment on the available regulations and strengthening management legislation of the invasive species.(3)Strengthening the investigations on invasive species,especially building the system of environment risk assessment on IAS.(4)Further constructing national-level and one-site invasive species database and clearing-house mechanism to enforce the activity of information exchange.