堆肥中高温纤维素降解菌的筛选和应用

选用PCS培养基和定期改变传代的方法,从高温堆肥样品中筛选出4组具有较强纤维素分解能力的混合菌群,从菌群的生长特性、纤维素酶活力和滤纸、水稻秸秆的降解能力等方面复筛出一组纤维素分解能力较强而稳定的混合菌群MixF-3。该混合菌群经72h能将滤纸完全崩解,崩解滤纸后的培养液pH值基本稳定在8.5左右。培养温度为55℃或65℃时有利于MixF-3复合菌群产生的纤维素酶活较快地达到最大值;55℃培养96h左右,培养液中最高酶活为91.05U/mL,培养7d对水稻秸秆的降解率为46.5%。将复合菌群MixF-3接种到猪粪和牛粪自然堆肥中,发现其能促进肥料快速升温,48h内超过65℃,加速了原料的快速腐熟,为进一步研究开发堆肥快速腐熟菌剂奠定了基础。

Screening on the High-temperature Cellulose Decomposing Microorganisms and Its Application in the Compost

Four groups of thermophilic complex microbial community with considerable capability of cellulose degradation were isolated in the high-temperature period from composting with PCS culture medium and on a regular method to change the subculture.The complex microbial community MixF-3 with high-efficient stabilizing cellulose degradation was selected according to growth characteristics of microbial mix culture,cellulase activity and the degradation rates on the rice straw and filter paper.They could completely decompose the filter paper in 72h.The pH value of culture was 8.5 after decomposing the filter paper.It would be in favor of MixF-3 producing the cellulase activity at 55-65℃,the maximum enzyme activity was 91.05U/mL at 55℃ for 96h.The degradation rates of the rice straw was 46.5% in 7 days.Compost temperature could be promoted to rise rapidly over 65℃ in 48h and accelerating to maturity materials when complex microbial community MixF-3 was inoculated in pig dung and cow dung compost.It would establish the base to research and explore rapid maturity microbes.