滇西北亚高山退化森林生态系统及其恢复途径——“近自然林业”理论及方法

滇西北的森林生态系统由于自然和人为因素,超过一半的森林生态系统受到不同程度的干扰并退化为石漠化裸地、荒草坡、疏林灌丛地、干扰迹地和次生林地,使系统的结构改变、功能降低、内部环境恶化,物种间平衡关系破裂。针对传统的退化森林生态系统恢复中存在的造林树种单一、模式单一、缺乏景观观念、自由放牧等问题,提出采用“近自然林业”理论和方法,通过确定恢复策略,采用乡土树种,发展混交林,早期抚育目的树种,天然更新,对林地进行针对性管理等技术手段,以实现滇西北亚高山退化生态系统的恢复。

Restoration Approach of Sub-Alpine Degraded Ecosystem in Northwest Yunnan--"Close to Nature Forestry" Theory and Methods

More than half of the forest ecosystem in northwest Yunnan,caused by disturbance in various degree from nature and human activities,has been degraded into barren and rock desert,grassland,shrubby forest,slash area,burned area and inferior secondary forest,which lead to serious impacts on the system's elements,structure,functions,interior environment and interaction of species.Aiming at solving the problems of conventional methods in regeneration of degraded ecosystem,e.g.singularity of tree species,simple reforestation pattern,lack of landscaping intention and free gazing,the concept of "close to nature forest" is strongly recommended to achieve the restoration of degraded alpine ecosystem in northwest Yunnan by formulating restoration strategy,applying native species,developing mixed forest,early tending of target species,encouraging natural regeneration and appropriate management of forest land.