Cardiac hypertrophy induced by exercise training:the function of AT1 receptor,autophagy and miRNAs

As a mechanical and exogenous stimulus, exercise training induces cardiac physiological hypertrophy, and the cardiac structure is changed slowly, steadily and coordinately. Simultaneously, energy metabolism and function of the cardiac muscle are also improved. These are positive adaptations in the heart when experiencing endurance exercise training. Recently, angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 (AT1) receptor, autophagy and miRNAs are all considered as important regulators to cardiac hypertrophy induced by exercise training at different molecular levels. Fully understanding the relations and the important role of AT1 receptor, autophagy and miRNAs in cardiac physiological hypertrophy will further enrich the signaling pathway of cardiac hypertrophy induced by exercise training.