中国西部自然保护区与周边社区协调发展的研究与实践

中国西部自然保护区的周边大多是贫困社区，目前来自当地社区的资源利用压力已成为提高自然保护区管理质量的主要障碍。改善自然保护区管理必须以对周边社区的扶贫为基础，通过资金支持下的社区参与共管共利，自然保护区由自然保护的控制方转换为组织，将原本对立的自然保护区管理人员和当地社区群众转化为保护目标的维护。在一些案例点已初步实现了自然保护区与周边社区经济的协调发展，取得了一些共管的模式化成果。本在分析了目前中国西部自然保护区建设和管理的质量问题基础上，认为推行社区参与自然保护区共管是提高自然保护区管理质量的首选途径，并系统阐明了当地社区参与组成共管体系的原则和技术路线以及一些模式化成果。最后，指出在实施社区参与共管过程中亟待解决的若干问题。

The research and practice of harmonized development of the nature reserves and their ambient communities in West China

Most of the surrounding districts of reserves in west China are poor communities, so the pressure of utilizing resources have been the primary obstacle to improve managing level of the reserves. A new theory has been put into practice in some of the reserves in west China: natural conserving should be based on poverty alleviation of the ambient communities. Through the way of community-based management that participants share profits assisted by alien funds, the managers of reserves and peasants who were contradictor originally form a collective to support conserving target, the role of managing office was turned from controller to organizer. The practice of the theory have been implemented in some case points, realized preliminarily harmonized development on reserve level, and a set of standardized measures as criterion have been summarized.