传统时代南海九江的鱼苗养殖业与桑基鱼塘

南海九江地区的桑基鱼塘是珠三角基塘农业经营历史最悠久、技术最成熟的区域。清代初年这里的鱼苗养殖已经十分兴盛,已经形成连片的桑基鱼塘。九江位于西江下游,这里的居民长期垄断了西江的鱼苗捕捞和养殖技术。鱼苗养殖是九江地基塘农业经营的重要组成部分,鱼苗养殖的特定技术也促使当地基塘形成了多样化的形态与特定的微环境特征。基塘属于小型的水利工程,九江地区桑基鱼塘与堤围的修建,塑造出适应基塘排灌需要的人工河网。九江地区桑基鱼塘是典型的循环农业,经营中的施行立体化的种养殖模式。

Fish Breeding andMulberry Dike Fish Pond in the Area of Nanhai Jiujiang in Ancient Times

It was the Jiujiang area of Nanhai County where the Mulberry Dike Fish Ponds had the longest history and most mature technology in Pearl River Delta. Since the beginning of Qing Dynasty, fish feeding had been blooming in this area, forming a vast district of Mul- berry Dike Fish Ponds. Locating at the downstream of Xijiang River, local farmers in Jiu- jiang area were good at fish capturing and feeding, which was the important part of local pond agricultural management. The specific technologies of fish breeding had also stimulated the formation of local environment of ponds with the variety features. The Mulberry Dike Fish Ponds in the waterlogged environment, adjacent to each other, the water network be- came even more fragmental when the ponds increased in the Jiujiang area. There were lots of steps in feeding the fish seed, in each step different types of ponds were built, and the mi- croenvironments were shaped. It was the traditional cycling ecological agricultural technolo- gies that supported to run and maintain the Mulberry Dike Fish Ponds. The farmers also used the stereoscopic patterns in fish feeding and mulberry planting.