从多倍体鲫遗传育种实践谈现代水产育种与水产种业发展*

鲫是多倍体鲫属复合种的统称，包括拥有100条染色体的鲫与人工驯养的金鱼以及拥有150多条和200多条染色体的银鲫。它们不仅是重要养殖鱼类，而且是稀有的具有不同倍性的脊椎动物，为研究脊椎动物单性生殖及多倍化机制提供了潜在机会。本文综述了银鲫在遗传进化上的特殊性以及近五年来揭示的基因组演化方面的创新见解，尤其是在精准育种上取得的相关重要突破，结合我们育种实践积累的经验，展望水产育种和水产种业的未来发展。

From improvement practice of polyploid crucian carp to modern trends of aquaculture genetic breeding and seed industry

Carassius is a polyploid Carassius species complex. It includes sexual C. auratus and the domesticated goldfish with 100 chromosomes, as well as unisexual C. gibelio with more than 150 or 200 chromosomes. They are not only important aquaculture fish, but also a rare group of vertebrates with different ploidies, providing a potential chance for studying evolutionary mechanisms of unisexual polyploids. This study attempts to review the specificities and innovative insights of unisexual C. gibelio in evolutionary genetics and genomic anatomy, especially recent significant breakthroughs in precise breeding, and thereby summarizes the genetic improvement experiences to have a talk about future development for aquaculture genetic breeding and seed industry.