牛(牦牛)内寄生虫感染情况的调查及亚东璃眼蜱生活习性的观察

目的]调查新疆疫区感染牛(牦牛)的体外寄生虫璃眼蜱优势分布种的生物学特性以及体内寄生虫的种类、感染率及危害。方法]采用人工饲养蜱虫、寄生虫病病原(粪便)常规检查技术,进行疫区璃眼蜱优势分布种生活习性及牛(牦牛)体内寄生虫病调查。结果]经过一循环的饲蜱试验观察和形态学鉴定:疫区璃眼蜱的优势分布种为亚东璃眼蜱,经实验室人工饲养,发现其生活史改变,74%(88/119)的幼蜱饱血后未脱落,而是蜕变为若蜱后继续吸血,由三宿主蜱变为了二宿主蜱,以上饱血若蜱蜕变期、蜕变率分别为23～33d(平均26 d)、100%;26%(31/119)的幼蜱正常饱血脱落,吸血期、蜕变期、蜕变率分别为3～9 d(平均5 d)、7～12 d(平均10 d)、83.9%(26/31)。若蜱吸血期、蜕变期、蜕变率分别为6～8 d(平均7 d)、25～33 d(平均29 d)、88.5%(23/26);成蜱吸血期、产卵前期、产卵期、孵化期分别为4、26、20和11 d。室内病原学检查结果显示:和静县巴仑台和巴音布鲁克高山草原牦牛体内寄生虫感染率分别为69.05%(29/42)、85.14%(63/74),总感染率为79.31%(92/116),且大多为混合感染,线虫感染率均高于其它寄生虫。结论]亚东璃眼蜱是新疆优势种,可以根据其生物学习性制定相关防治措施,同时发现被检区牦牛体内寄生虫感染比较严重,急需制定切实可行的防治措施。

Observations on the Endoparasites Infection in Cattle/Yaks and Living-habits of Hyalomma asiaticum kozlovi in Hejing County

【Objective】This study was designed to investigate the biological characteristics of the dominant species of hyalomma and the species,infection rate and harm infected of endoparasites in Cattle or Yaks in epidemic areas of Xinjiang.【Method】The living - habits of the dominant species of hyalomma and the infection with endoparasites was investigated by tick -feeding experiment and fecal examination.【Result】The results obtained from the identification and experimental observation of a cycle tick - feeding showed that the dominant species of hyalomma was H.asiaticum kozlovi in epidemic areas.And its life style has changed. Seventy four percent(88/119) larvae which had changed from three - host tick into two - host - tick,exuviated into nymphal tick to hematophagia instead of ablating after engorgement.The exuviation period and exuviation rate of nymphae were 23 -33 d(26 d averaged)and 100%,respectively.On the other hand,26%(31/119) larvae showed 3 -9 d(5 d averaged)blood - sucking period,7 -12 d(10 d averaged) exuviation period and 83.9%(26/31)exuviation rate after engorgement.The nymph was found to have 6-8 d(7 d averaged)blood -sucking period,25-33 d(29 d averaged) exuviation period and 88.5%(23/26) exuviation rate.Adult ticks showed 4 d blood - sucking period,26 d pre - spawningpe period,20 d spawning period and 11 d eggsincubation period.The pathogen results revealed that the infection rate of parasites in Yaks at Baluntai and Bayinbuluke Alpine Grassland were 69.05%(29/42) and 85.14%(63/74),respectively.The total infection rate was 79.31%(92/116) and most cases were mixed infection.The infection rate of Nematodes was higher than that of others.【Conclusion】H.asiaticum kozlovi was the dominant species of ticks in Xinjiang and maybe related prevention measures can be taken according to its biological characteristics.