利用远缘杂交创制抗虫长豇豆新种质

开展了长豇豆（Vigna unguiculata L. ssp. sesquipedalis）与其近缘种饭豆V. umbellata（Thunb.）Ohwi & Ohashi]的远缘杂交，对亲本和杂交高世代（F7）进行了田间抗虫水平和荚果性状观测鉴定。结果表明：（1）饭豆品种的田间抗虫水平普遍高于长豇豆品种；（2）在长豇豆和饭豆远缘杂交的全分离谱世代（F6）363 个株系中，初选了 41 个虫害发生较轻的单株，组成 F7 代供后续鉴定；（3）田间试验观测到 F7 代株系抗虫水平有较大分离，复选出 7 个高抗水平的重组株系；结合单荚质量、荚长和籽粒密度等荚果相关性状数据特征，决选出在营养生长期对斜纹夜蛾、甜菜夜蛾等主要害虫综合抗性达到高抗（HR）水平且荚果性状近似于长豇豆的株系 2 个，实现了长豇豆抗虫的种质创新。

Pathophysiology-based mechanism and management strategies for deadly leaking lungs caused by 2019 novel coronavirus: application and rationale of blood dialysis

The 2019 novel coronavirus has killed 2 872 people globally (updated on 28 February 2020) since the outbreak began in December 2019 and more than 8 000 patients are still in severe conditions. The virus and medical conditions caused by the virus were named as SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) and COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), respectively. Although antiviral, symptomatic, and functionally supportive treatments have been applied, many patients die each day from infection with the virus. SARS-CoV-2 infects the lungs using angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) at type 2 alveolar epithelial cells as a gate. The most common deadly complication of COVID-19 is acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). SARS-CoV-2 infection may become pandemic. ARDS is caused by va-rious similar viruses, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and influenza viruses. Thus, strategies for decreasing the mortality of virus-initiated ARDS are needed at the urgent, long-term, and broad levels. ARDS was previously referred to as wet lungs with vascular leaking, which described the clinical manifestations and chest computed tomography images of COVID-19-ARDS. Determining from where and how water is leaking into the lungs will lead to the development of mechanism-based management strategies for reducing mortality. These approaches can be used to prevent and stop water leakage from the pulmonary capillary into the lung interstitial space. For mild and moderate cases, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as those used for rheumatoid arthritis, may be useful for preventing and deceasing this water leakage. Administration of immunosuppressants, such as sirolimus and tacrolimus, may stagger the peak times of injuries caused by viral infection, immune response, and non-immune inflammation to decrease the extent of water leakage and prevent life-threatening conditions. Using "anti-flame" (Qing-Huo) Chinese herbs may also be useful. For severe case, blood dialysis can be an effective strategy for eliminating most inflammatory mediators and cytotoxic substances, and should be used as early as possible.