不同种植方式对水稻根结线虫病发生危害的影响

水稻根结线虫病是严重危害水稻生产的主要病害之一,目前尚无成本低且安全有效的防控方法。本研究通过田间小区试验评价了直播、移栽和直播前撒施0.2 kg/667 m 210%噻唑膦颗粒剂(GR)3种种植方式下水稻根结线虫病发生及危害情况。结果表明,与直播相比,移栽田移栽后25 d水稻根结线虫的抑制率达到94.26%,根结指数为1.97,与直播前撒施0.2 kg/667 m 210%噻唑膦GR化学药剂处理组无显著差异;移栽后55 d水稻根结线虫的抑制率为58.56%。同时,移栽田移栽后25 d和55 d根结线虫2龄幼虫虫口减退率分别达到77.63%和72.22%。此外,移栽田水稻株高与根长均高于直播处理组及直播前撒施10%噻唑膦GR处理组;产量比直播处理组增加26.34%,直播处理组产量和直播前撒施10%噻唑膦GR处理组没有显著差异。因此,在水稻根结线虫病发生严重的田块采用移栽方式种植,可显著抑制根结线虫的发生为害,是一种安全、有效的防控措施。

Effects of different planting modes on occurrence of rice root-knot nematode disease

Rice root-knot nematode disease is a major threat to rice production. There is no low-cost, safe and effective method to control this disease up to now. In this study, the effects of three different cultivation modes, including direct seeding, transplanting and spreading 0.2 kg/667 m2 fosthiazate 10% GR over the field before seeding, on the occurrence of rice root-knot nematode disease were evaluated. The results showed that compared to the direct seeding mode, the control efficacy of transplanting on rice root-knot nematode disease reached 94.26% and the root-knot index of rice was1.97 25 days after transplanting, showed no significant difference with the mode of spreading fosthiazate 10% GR of 0.2 kg/667 m2 before seeding. The control efficacy of transplanting on rice root-knot nematode was still up to 58.56% 55 days after transplanting. The second-stage juvenile (J2) density of Meloidogyne graminicola in soil was reduced by 77.63% and 72.22% in transplanting field 25 days and 55 days after transplanting, respectively. In addition, the plant height and root length of transplanting rice were higher than rice in direct seeding field and field treated by fosthiazate 10% GR before seeding, and the yields of transplanting rice were significantly increased by 26.34% compared to those of direct seeding rice. There was no significant difference between the yields in mode of direct seeding and the yields in the mode of spreading fosthiazate 10% GR before seeding. Therefore, the transplanting mode is a safe and effective measure for the control of the root-knot nematode disease in rice field.