基于越橘南高丛与北高丛正反交群体的果实贮藏相关性状筛选及其遗传倾向

【目的】筛选与越橘果实贮藏性相关的性状并揭示其遗传规律,为越橘果实贮藏性改良育种提供依据。【方法】调查越橘果实的果蒂痕大小、果实硬度、可溶性固形物含量、酸含量、果实重量、果型指数、贮藏性等7个性状,通过相关性分析和主成分分析筛选与贮藏性相关的主要性状,利用正反交群体分析其遗传倾向。【结果】相关性分析和主成分分析结果表明,越橘果实贮藏性与果蒂痕性状呈极显著负相关（P<0.001）,与果实硬度性状呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,二者是与蓝莓贮藏性相关的主要性状。越橘果实带柄和脱柄贮藏试验表明果蒂痕大小对越橘果实贮藏有重要影响。果蒂痕大小和果实硬度性状在正、反交群体中呈正态分布,表现为多基因控制的数量性状,变异系数均大于15%。正、反交群体果蒂痕大小趋近于亲本平均值,无父母本倾向,其广义遗传力（H²）在正、反交群体中分别为0.887和0.867,其遗传变异主要来自遗传效应,遗传潜能较大。正、反交群体果实硬度平均值均趋于低值亲本,即存在倾向于果实硬度变小的劣质遗传,H²在正、反交组合中分别为0.535和0.514,表明越橘果实硬度遗传效应较小,遗传不稳定,易受环境影响。【结论】越橘果实果蒂痕大小和果实硬度性状与贮藏性密切相关,其中果蒂痕性状呈趋中遗传,其遗传变异主要来自遗传效应,遗传潜能大,超高亲遗传不明显;果实硬度性状遗传受低值亲本影响较大,存在明显的劣质遗传倾向,遗传效应小,受环境影响大。

Screening and Inheritance of Fruit Storage-Related Traits Based on Reciprocal Cross of Southern×Northern High Bush Blueberry (Vaccinium Linn)

【Objective】 This study was aimed to screen the diagnostic phenotypic traits for the storability of blueberry fruit and analyze their inheritance to assist the storage improvement breeding. 【Method】 Seven phenotypic traits were investigated, including stem scar, berry firmness, soluble solids content, acid content, fruit weight, fruit index and storability, among which the storability related traits was screened through correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA), and the inheritance was analyzed with reciprocal cross progenies.【Result】 The correlation analysis and PCA showed that stem scar was negatively correlated with fruit storability (P<0.001), but berry firmness was positively correlated with fruit storability (P<0.01). Both stem scar and berry firmness played major roles in the development of the storability of blueberry fruit. The storage test of fruit with and without stalk revealed that stem scar had a great influence on the storability of blueberry. The size of stem scar and berry firmness presented normal distributions in reciprocal populations with the coefficient of variation of more than 15%, suggesting that stem scar and berry firmness were quantitatively controlled by polygenes. The mean of stem scar in the reciprocal populations was similar to the mid-parental values, and its broad sense heritability (H²) in reciprocal populations were 0.887 and 0.867, respectively, indicating that the variations of stem scar mainly resulted from inheritance, and were mainly affected by additive effects. The mean of berry firmness in both reciprocal populations was prone to low value parent, and its broad sense heritability was 0.585 and 0.514, respectively in reciprocal populations, indicating that berry firmness was affected to a great extent by environmental effects. 【Conclusion】 The stem scar and berry firmness were the major traits for blueberry fruit storability. The inheritance of stem scar inclined to the mid-parental value, and its variation was mainly controlled with genetic effects, while berry firmness value tended to the low-value parent with large environmental effects.