新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情对我国肉牛生产的影响及对策建议

自新型冠状病毒肺炎（以下简称“新冠肺炎”）疫情发生以来，全国相继采取隔离措施，有效地控制了疫情，但是也对经济发展带来影响。为了掌握新冠肺炎疫情对肉牛产业的影响，2020年2月，通过调研全国肉牛主产区21个省市的263个肉牛场，发现疫情对我国肉牛养殖造成了严重影响：在饲草料储备方面，48%的肉牛场精饲料储备量不足1个月，45%的牛场粗饲料不足2个月，95%的牛场酒糟等副产品断货；在架子牛收购和育肥牛出栏方面，95%的育肥牛场不能按计划补栏，育肥牛延迟出栏，饲草料消耗加大，导致饲草料紧缺的问题更加突出；活牛交易市场关闭，造成活牛收购价下滑；在繁殖方面，繁殖母牛错过1～2个情期；在疫病防控方面，70%的牛场兽药储备不足，春季防疫工作不能按计划进行。针对当前肉牛生产中突出问题，建议养殖企业（场、户）认真落实疫情防控要求，确保人员和生产安全；做好应对预案；完善精细化饲养管理和标准化生产流程，调整生产经营策略；各级政府全面贯彻有关文件精神和要求，为养殖业开辟“绿色通道”，保障物资和产品运输；尽快出台专项补助资金政策，银行提供小额信贷，帮助养殖企业提升信心，尽快恢复生产。

Effect of COVID-19 Epidemic on Beef Cattle Production and Countermeasures in China

To investigate the effect of COVID-19 on beef cattle production in China, in February 2020， 263 beef cattle farms in 21 provinces of China were surveyed, covering the main areas of beef cattle production. The results showed that COVID-19 had a serious impact on Chinese beef cattle industry. In forage stock, 48% of the beef cattle farms had surpluses for 1 month; 45% had less than 2 months of forage, and 95% had run out of by-products, such as distillers grains. In fattening production, 95% of fattening cattle farms cannot buy stocker cattle as planned. The delay to sell fattening cattle increased the consumption of feed and forage. The markets for live cattle were closed, causing the decrease of cattle prices. In reproduction, brood cows missed one or two estrus cycles. In disease prevention and control, 70% of cattle farms almost ran out of medicines, and immunities cannot be carried out as planned. To solve these prominent problems, it was suggested that beef cattle farms should seriously implement the prevention and control requirements to ensure safety; prepare alternative plans for epidemic prevention and control in advance; improve the fine feeding and management system and standardized workflow, adjust the business strategy, etc. Additionally, it was also suggested that all layers of governments should open green channels for the farms to ensure the transportation of production means and products, supply special subsidy policies, and provide loans to help farm enhance confidence and resume production.