外生菌根真菌对植物促生抗逆作用机制研究进展

外生菌根真菌（ECM）为土壤真菌与陆地植物根系形成的一种互惠共生体，是森林生态系统关键的组成部分。作为生态系统的重要组分，外生菌根真菌具有较强的适应能力，可适应干旱、盐碱、重金属污染等逆境条件，外生菌根真菌侵染宿主植物根系可促进宿主植物生长、土壤养分吸收与利用、提高抗逆和抗病能力、改善土壤环境微生物群落结构。林业生产与菌根关系密切，外生菌根真菌是林木生长必不可少的重要组成部分，森林的可持续经营离不开外生菌根真菌，菌根化育苗与造林可显著提高林木成活率、促进苗木对土壤中营养元素的吸收利用和植物生长、提高植物抗逆性。文中系统阐述了外生菌根真菌促进植物生长、增强宿主植物对重金属污染、干旱、盐碱以及病虫害胁迫抗性的机制及生物修复作用，同时对外生菌根真菌资源开发、环境因子对外生菌根真菌资源的影响及利用现代技术深入研究外生菌根真菌作用机制提出了研究建议与展望。

Research Progress in the Working Mechanism of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi for Plant Growth Promotion and Stress Resistance

Ectomycorrhiza fungi is a kind of symbiosis formed by soil fungi and land plant roots, and it is a key component of forest ecosystem. The ectomycorrhizal fungi have strong adaptability and can adapt to drought, saline and alkali, heavy metal pollution and other adverse conditions. Its interaction with plants can promote the growth of host plants, enhance the absorption and utilization of soil nutrients, improve abiotic stress of host plants, and improve the microbial community structure of soil environment. Forestry production is closely related to mycorrhiza, which is an essential part of plantgrowth. Ectomycorrhizal fungi is indispensable for the sustainable management of forest as mycorrhizal seedling and afforestation can significantly improve the survival rate of trees, improve the nutrients absorption and utilization of seedlings from soil, promote plant growth and improve plant resistance. This paper systematically summarized the working mechanism of ectomycorrhizal fungi to promote plant growth, enhance host plant’s resistance to heavy metal pollution, drought, saline and alkali and diseases and pests, and improve biological restoration, and then puts forward the suggestions for and prospects the research on ectomycorrhizal fungi resources development, the influence of environmental factors on ectomycorrhizal fungi resources and application of new technology to the study of interaction mechanism between ectomycorrhizal fungi and host plants.