发酵棉粕对肉仔鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、营养物质表观消化率和脂肪沉积的影响

试验旨在研究棉粕经热带假丝酵母菌发酵后得到的发酵棉粕对白羽肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、营养物质表观消化率和脂肪沉积的影响。试验选取180羽1日龄科宝白羽肉鸡，随机分成3组，每组6个重复，每个重复10羽鸡。对照组饲喂不加菌发酵棉粕（CSM），两个试验组分别饲喂热带假丝酵母菌发酵棉粕（FCSM）、CSM+热带假丝酵母菌（CT-USCM，活菌量同FCSM）。21日龄试验结束。结果表明：①FCSM组肉鸡末重、平均日增重均显著高于对照组（P<0.05），FCSM和CT-USCM组肉鸡的料重比显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；②CT-USCM组肝重率显著高于对照组（P<0.05），FCSM和CT-USCM组的腹脂率和皮下脂肪厚度显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；③FCSM和CT-USCM组肉鸡干物质和粗蛋白质表观消化率均显著高于对照组（P<0.05），粗脂肪和粗灰分表观消化率在各组间差异不显著（P>0.05）；④FCSM和CT-USCM组肉鸡血糖（Glu）、甘油三酯（TG）和低密度脂蛋白（LDL）浓度均显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；⑤FCSM和CT-USCM组肉鸡肝脏和腹脂中激素敏感酯酶（HSL）活性和生长激素（GH）水平均显著高于对照组（P<0.05），两组之间差异不显著（P>0.05）；FCSM组肝脏和腹脂中乙酰辅酶A羧化酶（ACC）和苹果酸酶（ME）活性均显著低于对照组（P<0.05），而肝脏中脂蛋白酯酶（LPL）活性均显著高于对照组（P<0.05），腹脂中脂肪酸合成酶（ME）活性显著低于其他两组（P<0.05）。综上所述，在日粮中添加FCSM和热带假丝酵母菌均能不同程度地促进肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能，提高营养物质表观消化率，同时还能通过影响脂肪代谢相关酶活和激素参与肉鸡脂肪合成和分解，降低肉鸡腹脂率和皮下脂肪厚度。

Effects of Fermented Cottonseed Meal on Growth Performance,Apparent Digestibility,Carcass Traits,and Lipid-related Indices in Broilers

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of fermented cottonseed meal (fermented by Candida tropicalis) on the growth performance,apparent digestibility,carcass traits,and lipid-related indices in broilers.One hundred and eight one-day-old Cobb broilers were randomly assigned to three groups with six replicates of 10 birds in each.The three diets consisted of a control diet supplemented with fermented cottonseed meal without bacteria (CSM,CON) and the experimental diets with fermented cottonseed meal with Candida tropicali (FCSM) and CSM+Candida tropicali (CT-USCM),respectively.The results showed as follows:①FCSM increased the average daily feed intake compared with CON (P<0.05).FCSM and CT-USCM had lower feed and gain ratio than CON group (P<0.05).②The body weight increased in response to dietary FCSM supplementation (P<0.05),the percentage of liver of CT-USCM group was higher than CON group (P<0.05),additionally,FCSM and CT-USCM supplementation decreased the percentage of abdominal fat and subcutaneous fat thickness (P<0.05).③The dietary nutrient digestibility of dry matter and crude protein significantly increased (P<0.05) with FCSM and CT-USCM supplementation.④Serum concentration of glucose,triglyceride,and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased (P<0.05) in FCSM and CT-USCM fed broilers compared with CON group broilers.⑤The activity of hormone-sensitive esterase and the level of growth hormone in the liver and abdominal fat were higher (P<0.05) in FCSM and CT-USCM groups than CON group.The activity of acetyl CoA carboxylase and malic enzyme in the liver and abdominal fat in FCSM group were lower than CON group (P<0.05).The activity of lipoprotein lipase and fatty acid synthase in liver and abdominal fat in FCSM group were higher than the other two groups,respectively (P<0.05).In conclusion,both FCSM and CT-USCM treatment were beneficial for broilers as they positively affect their growth and digestibility in addition to altering their fat deposition.