不同砧木对西瓜嫁接苗生长及萌蘖发生的影响

以小兰西瓜为接穗,选取6个葫芦砧木和4个南瓜砧木,插接法嫁接,研究不同砧木嫁接对西瓜嫁接苗嫁接成活率、接穗生长和砧木萌蘖发生的影响。结果表明:葫芦砧木嫁接成活率高于南瓜砧木,均达到90%以上,南瓜砧木中以东方明珠嫁接成活率较高,达到92.81%。葫芦砧木力根和南瓜砧木东方明珠对接穗生长影响较为显著,接穗株高、茎粗、叶片数、干鲜质量、叶绿素(a+b)及类胡萝卜素含量、根系活力均显著高于相应对照强根和京欣砧2号。葫芦砧木中,ZM-1和力根砧木萌蘖叶片较小,叶柄较短,南瓜砧木中,以东方明珠和京欣砧4号萌蘖生长较缓。综合评价认为:葫芦砧木力根和南瓜砧木东方明珠嫁接西瓜不仅嫁接成活率高,而且能明显促进接穗生长,降低砧木萌蘖侧枝的发生,可作为西瓜嫁接栽培中砧木选择的参考品种。

Effects of Different Rootstocks on Seedling Growth and Side Branch Germination of Grafted Watermelon

This paper took watermelon cultivar ‘Xiaolan’ as scion；selected 6 cucurbit rootstocks and 4 pumpkin rootstocks to conduct cut grafting；and studied the effects of different rootstocks on survival rate，scion growth and side branch germination of grafted watermelon．The results showed that the survival rate of cucurbit rootstock grafting was higher than that of pumpkin rootstocks，reaching over 90% averagely．The higher survival rate of pumpkin rootstock‘ Dongfangmingzhu’was 92.81%．Using cucurbit rootstock‘ Ligen’and pumpkin rootstock ‘Dongfangmingzhu’ had significant influence on scion growth．Their scion plant height，stem diameter，number of leaves，dry and fresh weight，Chlorophyll （a+b）and carotenoid contents and root activity were significantly higher than that of the control groups of ‘Qianggen’ and ‘Jingxinzhen No.2’．Among the cucurbit rootstock varieties，‘ZM-1’ and ‘Ligen’ had smaller leaves and shorter petioles of the side branch，while the side branch of pumpkin rootstock ‘Dongfangmingzhu’ and ‘Jingxinzhen No.4’grew more slowly．The comprehensive evaluation deemed that using cucurbit rootstock ‘Ligen’ and pumpkin rootstock ‘Dongfangmingzhu’ for watermelon grafting could achieve a high survival rate，promote scion growth，and decrease the side branch germination．Therefore，they could be selected as proper reference rootstocks for grafting cultivation of watermelon．