基于管理目标的我国国家公园灾害风险管理体系构建

我国国家公园体制试点区依托原有的多类型自然保护地开展空间整合与统一管理，因国家公园管理目标的多样性及其所处的自然、社会环境多样性与复杂性，使得其所面临的灾害风险具有多风险源和多受体的灾害风险特征。文中通过梳理和借鉴多类型自然保护地灾害风险管理的研究与实践，针对我国国家公园灾害风险的特征，从灾害管理的3个方面即成灾机制分析、灾害风险评估和综合灾害风险管理出发，构建了面向管理目标的中国国家公园灾害风险管理体系。该体系具体包括:1）灾害风险评估的基础，即国家公园多元化灾害风险成灾机制概念模型；2）灾害风险管理的前提，即以保障生态系统服务为评价终点的国家公园综合灾害风险评估概念模型；3）基于部门联动与利益相关者参与的国家公园综合灾害风险管理体系。讨论了国家公园开展综合灾害风险管理的必要性及这一管理体系在实现国家公园管理目标中的可行性。

Disaster Risk Management System Establishment of China National Parks Based on the Management Objectives

China’s national park pilot areas are piloting the spatial unification and management integration based on the existing multiple types of protected areas. Their multiple management objectives set within a complex social-ecological background determine that the disaster risk they have to face is characterized with the diversity of risk sources and multiple disaster-bearing bodies. This paper reviews the research and practices of disaster risk management of multiple types of nature protected areas in China and construct the management objectives oriented disaster risk management system of China national parks in terms of the disaster mechanism, risk assessment and comprehensive management to deal with the complexity of national park disaster risks. This system includes: 1) a conceptual model of disaster mechanism capturing the diversity of disaster risks, which is the basis of risk assessment; 2) an integrated disaster risk assessment model with ecosystem services as the evaluation end-point, which is the precondition of risk management; and 3) a comprehensive disaster risk management system based on sector coordination and multi-stakeholder participation. The paper then discusses the necessity of conducting comprehensive disaster risk management and the feasibility of the proposed management system in achieving national park management objectives.