2007—2012年蚌埠地区主要白蚁种类变化调查

白蚁对农林作物、房屋建筑、家具、水库、江河堤坝、国防用品、电缆等均有不同程度的危害。对蚌埠地区白蚁发生情况进行调查,结果表明:目前蚌埠地区有8种白蚁危害,隶属2科3属。分别是散白蚁属圆唇散白蚁、黑胸散白蚁、拟尖唇散白蚁、肖若散白蚁、弯颚散白蚁;土白蚁属黑翅土白蚁、囟土白蚁;乳白蚁属上海乳白蚁。其中,圆唇散白蚁、黑胸散白蚁在蚌埠及市辖3县(怀远县、固镇县、五河县)各地区内均有分布,为蚌埠地区白蚁优势种,肖若散白蚁分布于怀远县找郢乡及附近地区,是近几年新发现种;黑翅土白蚁、囟土白蚁分布于怀远县大洪山及蚌埠市郊各山林内;上海乳白蚁为2010年蚌埠某企业从广东顺德通过木质包装箱带入。通过对蚌埠市2007—2011年的白蚁出飞记录统计,发现蚌埠市白蚁出飞上报户数由2007年最多的91户降至2009年最少的49户,后2010年反弹至79户。白蚁危害最为严重的多在木门框、木窗和门套处。随着近2年家庭装修趋于豪华高档,木质材料使用增多,为白蚁提供了良好的食材,创造了白蚁易滋生的环境。针对2012年白蚁出飞情况调查,所有的出飞点都在淮河以南,并主要集中于龙子湖区和蚌山区。蚌埠地区白蚁防治工作任重道远。

Survey on Major Changes of Termite Species in Bengbu Region from 2007 to 2012

The termite are harmful to agriculture and forestry crops,houses,furniture,reservoirs,rivers and streams dike,national defence,electric cable,and so on.Termites occurrence in Bengbu City were surveyed,the results showed that there were 8 species in Bengbu City which belonged to 2 families and 3 genera.There were Reticulitermes:R.labralis,R.chinensis,R.pendaculabiali,R.affinis,R.curvatus;Odontotermes:O.ontanellus,O.formosanus;Coptotermes:C.shanghaiensis.R.labralis and R.chinensis distributed in Bengbu and Huaiyuan,Guzhen,Wuhe.The R.affinis distributed in Zhaoying Town of Huaiyuan County.The O.formosanus and O.fontanellus distributed in Dahong Mountain of Huaiyuan,which caused wide and serious damage in Bengbu forest.The C.shanghaiensis was introduced into Bengbu City from Shunde City of Guangdong Province via wooden packing container in 2010.The statistics of termite′s mature groups fly outside from 2007 to 2010 in Bengbu City found that 91 houses in 2007,49 houses in 2009,79 houses in 2010.Termite often destroyed wooden doorframes windows and door pocket in this region.Recently,more and more people were likely to choose valued wood for internal decoration of building,and these wood materials provided abundant food for termite.According to the survey in 2012,out-flying spot of termites all located in the south of the Huaihe River,which mainly concentrated in Longzihu District and Bengshan District.The control of termites in Bengbu City had a long way to go.