有机物料长期施用对稻田土壤养分的影响

通过2010—2021年连续12年的长期定位试验，研究了紫云英、水稻秸秆、商品有机肥等有机物料还田施用对稻田土壤养分的影响。结果表明：施用有机物料可以有效提高稻田土壤氮磷钾和有机质等含量。与单施化肥处理相比，紫云英还田土壤碱解氮含量增加6.97%，商品有机肥配施土壤有效磷含量增加49.30%，水稻秸秆还田土壤速效钾含量增加49.32%。3种有机物料处理土壤有机质增加相近(6.0%～7.5%)，可以改善土壤酸性但差异不显著。不同有机物料对土壤基础养分的增加差异显著，紫云英还田土壤固氮能力最强，商品有机肥配施土壤磷素增加最明显，秸秆还田土壤钾素提高最显著。可见，有机物料长期还田施用是一种培肥土壤的有效措施，有助于稻田土壤的可持续利用。

Effects of Long-term Application of Organic Materials on Soil Nutrients in Paddy Fields

The effects of returning organic materials, such as milk vetch, rice straw and commercial organic fertilizer, on soil nutrients in paddy fields were studied through a 12-year long-term positioning experiment from 2010 to 2021. The results showed that application of organic materials could effectively increase the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter in paddy soil. Compared with the single application of chemical fertilizer, the content of alkali-hydrolyzable N in soil increased by 6.97%, available P increased by 49.30%, and available K increased by 49.32%. Application of green manure, rice straw and commercial organic fertilizer to the field increased soil organic matter by 6.0% to 7.5%, and improved soil acidity but the difference was not significant. There were significant differences in the increase of soil basic nutrients among different organic materials. Chinese milk vetch green manure had the strongest soil nitrogen fixation ability, organic fertilizer had the most significant increase in soil phosphorus, and straw returning had the most significant increase in soil potassium. The results showed that the long-term application of organic materials was an effective measure to fertilize soil and contribute to the sustainable utilization of paddy soil.