Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) and Its Total Non-digestible Fraction Influence the Expression of Genes Involved in Azoxymethane-induced Colon Cancer in Rats |
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Authors: | Marcelo Hernández-Salazar Ramón G Guevara-González Andrés Cruz-Hernández Lorenzo Guevara-Olvera Luis Arturo Bello-Pérez Eduardo Castaño-Tostado Guadalupe Loarca-Piña |
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Institution: | 1. Programa de Posgrado en Alimentos del Centro de la República (PROPAC), Research and Graduate Studies in Food Science, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Qro, 76010, México 2. School of Engineering, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Qro, 76010, México 3. Biochemistry Engineering, Instituto Tecnológico de Celaya, Guanajuato, México 4. Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bioticos del IPN, Km 8.5 carr. Yautepec-Jojutla, colonia San Isidro, Apartado postal 24, 62731, Yautepec, Morelos, México
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Abstract: | The influence of flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) and its total non-digestible fraction (TNDF) on the expression of genes involved in azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon cancer in Sprague Dawley rats was analyzed. The dose used in the animal model was two tablespoons of flaxseed per day, which is the dose recommended for humans. Flaxseed significantly decreased the crypt multiplicity (10.50?±?3.5) compared with the AOM treatment (34.00?±?11.0), which suggests that flaxseed exhibits a preventive effect against colon cancer. Both treatments (flaxseed and TNDF) influence the overexpression of genes involved in cell cycle arrest and mitochondrial apoptosis: p53, p21, bcl-2, bax and caspase-3. Flaxseed induced the expression of p53 and p21, whereas TNDF triggered the p21-independent expression of p53. This finding suggests that both of these treatments induced cell cycle arrest. In addition, TNDF induced mitochondrial apoptosis because the TNDF + AOM group exhibited the expression of caspase-3, decreased bcl-2 expression and increased bax expression. These results suggest that the expression of the analyzed genes is associated with the presence of dietary antioxidants linked to the cell wall of flaxseed. |
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