基于转移矩阵和信息熵的地类变化分析——以钟山风景区为例

基于南京市钟山风景区1987-2002年森林资源二类调查数据，采用转移矩阵和地统计方法综合分析其地类变化。结果表明：1987-2002年，钟山风景区针叶林和非林地减少，阔叶林和针阔混交林地增加；600m幅度下的钟山风景区地类信息熵值空间格局层次感较强，1987年钟山风景区地类景观按信息熵值可分为高值区和低值区2个区域，其中高值区域主要分布于明孝陵景区、中山陵景区的中部，低值区域主要集中在自然景观区和山岳景观区；2002年钟山风景区地类景观按信息熵值可分为3个较高值区域和1个较低值区域，高值区域分布于明孝陵景区、中山陵景区的中部以及自然景区北部，低值区域位于自然风景区南部；1987-2002年，研究区地类信息熵低值区域在减少，高值区域在增加，但总体呈上升的变化趋势，一定程度说明土地利用结构向多样性发展，均衡性越来越强。

Analysis on Changes of Land Use Based on Transfer Matrix and Information Entropy --A Case Study of Zhongshan Mountain Scenic Area

The change in land use types in Zhongshan Mountain Scenic Area of Nanjing Municipality during 1987 and 2002 was analyzed by using transfer matrix and statistical methods based on the data of the secondary for- est resource survey. The results showed that the area of coniferous forest and non-forest land in Zhongshan Mountain Scenic Area declined, while the broad-leaved forest and mixed forest composed of coniferous and broad-leaved tree species was increased from 1987 to 2002. There was a strong sense of hierarchy pattern with entropy values of land use type information of Zhongshan Mountain Scenic Area under 600 m scale. The whole scenic area could be divid- ed into two parts according to the information entropy values, where the higher value area was distributed in the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum Scenic Area and the central part of Dr. Sun Yat-sen＇s Mausoleum Scenic Area, whereas the lower value area was mainly concentrated in the Natural Scenic Area and Mountain Scenic Area. In 2002, the whole scenic area could be divided into three higher and one lower information entropy value areas, the higher val-ue areas were mainly located in the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum Scenic Area, the central part of Dr. Sun Yat-sen＇s Mausoleum Scenic Area and the northern part of the Natural Scenic Area, while the lower value area was located in the southern part of the Natural Scenic Area. The study showed that, the low information entropy value areas of the land types were reduced, and the high value areas were increased from 1987 to 2002. Overall, the information en- tropy value of Zhongshan Scenic Area was in a rising trend, which indicated that the structure of land use had be- come more diverse with stronger balance during that time period.