浙江红山茶野生种质资源现状及保护对策

为了查明浙江红山茶Camellia chekiangoleosa野生种质资源的地理分布、生态环境、濒危状况和威胁因素等现状,通过实地调查以及走访专家、技术人员和老农,结合查阅文献和标本,初步掌握了浙江红山茶野生种质资源现状。野生浙江红山茶集中分布在武夷山系和怀玉山系,水平分布于25°50′～31°00′N,113°52′～121°02′E,垂直分布介于海拔360～1 600 m。浙江红山茶资源处于衰老和退化状态,受到人为干扰较为严重。因山体开发和用于薪材而被砍和被烧,因园林用途而被挖以及断枝采果等因素,已致使浙江红山茶野生资源接近濒危,其分布范围和资源总量逐年锐减,必须采取原地保存、迁地保护、制定保护和奖罚政策以及加强专题研究等策略对浙江红山茶野生种质资源进行保护。

Status and conservation strategies for germplasm resources of wild Camellia chekiangoleosa

To find the geographical distribution,growing environment,endangered species status,and threatening factors of wild Camellia chekiangoleosa,and to determine the extent of its germplasm resource;experts,technicians,and farmers were visited;literature and herbariums were consulted;and fields were surveyed,the community structure was investigated and statistical analysis was conducted.Results showed that wild C.chekiangoleosa was concentrated in the Wuyi and Huaiyu Mountains from 25°50′-31°00′ N and 113°52′-121°02′ E with its vertical distribution between 360-1 600 m above sea level.The resources are aging and degraded,and more serious by human interference.Wild resources were close to endangered because they were cut,burned,and dug for mountain development,firewood,and landscape utility,thereby rapidly decreasing the distribution area and number of trees.Thus,conservation strategies： such as conservation in original sites or off-site,formulating protection and punishment policies,and monographic studies,should be undertaken to protect the germplasm resources of wild C.chekiangoleosa.