不同生态环境对玉米产量和穗粒性状的影响

分析了河南省1977～1986年参加玉米区试的93个杂交种和辽宁省1980～1986年参加玉米区试的86个杂交种.结果表明:(1)两省参试的玉米杂交种的平均产量基本相同,但辽宁省参试玉米的穗长、穗粗、千粒重、穗行数和秃尖长等5个性状的平均值都高于河南参试玉米10%以上,出籽率低于河南1.55%.(2)河南省玉米高产杂交种的穗粒结构特征是果穗较粗、穗行数较多、千粒重较高的中穗型;辽宁省玉米高产杂交种的穗粒结构特征是果穗较长、穗行数较多、结实性好、出籽率高的大穗型.(3)两省玉米杂交种穗粒性状的差异主要是由于气象因素不同造成的.

Different Ecological Environments Effect on Yield and Ear-kernel Characters of Corn

The analysis to 93 hybrid corns in Henan and 86 in Liaoning province in regional experiments showed as follows. (l)The average yields of hybrid corn between Henan and Liaoning province were almost same, but the average value of ear length, ear diameter, weight per 1000 kernels, row number per ear, and length of seedless per ear in Liaoning province was higher 10 percent than in Henan province; (2) The ear-kernal structural character of high yielding hybrid corn was the mid-ear-type which had larger ear diameter, more row numbers per ear and higher weight per 1000 kernals in Henan and the big ear type of hybrid had a longer ear, more row numbers per ear and high rate of grain yieid in liaoning; (3) The differences of ear-kernal characters of hybrid corn between two provinces were due to ecological and meteorological factors.