优质早稻佳早1号丰产保优栽培技术研究

[目的]研究栽培措施对佳早1号产量及构成的影响。[方法]采用随机区组设计,3次重复,小区间筑小田埂,并覆盖地膜,排灌分开,每个小区面积是14 m2,栽插规格是20 cm×20 cm,每丛插4本。共进行播栽期试验、栽植密度试验、不同N肥水平试验、N肥施用比例试验。[结果]不同播栽期对佳早1号产量及构成因素的影响不大,在不影响晚稻安全齐穗的前提条件下,佳早1号的播栽期可比当地正常时期推迟10 d左右。不同栽植密度方差分析结果表明,栽植25、30和36丛/m2处理间的产量无显著差异,但比21.43、18.37丛/m2处理增产显著或极显著;以获取最大效率的高产为目标,现行适宜的栽植密度为25～30丛/m2(19.8 cm×16.5 cm至19.8 cm×19.8 cm)。不同N肥水平现行适宜的施N量为150～195 kg/hm2;比较各处理的产量构成看出,适量施N量的处理穗多穗大,单位面积总粒数多,结实率高;施N偏少的处理,穗数较少,单位面积总粒数少,引起减产;施N偏多的处理,虽然穗也多,单位面积总粒数多,但由于结实率偏低而减产。基蘖、穗粒肥比8∶27、∶36、∶4各处理之间的产量无显著差异;从平衡施肥的角度出发,现行适宜的基蘖、穗粒肥比例可选7∶3。[结论]该研究可为佳早1号在宁德市的高产优质栽培提供科学依据和指导。

Study on Good-quality and High-yield Cultivation Techniques of Early Rice Jiazao No.1

[Objective] To study the effect of cultivation patterns on the yield and yield components of early rice Jiazao No.1.[Method] A random block design with three replicates was designed.The field was divided into several patches by ridges and then mulched with plastic film,the irrigation and drainage was separated.The area of each patch was 14m2,and the rice was cultivated in the specifications of 20 cm×20 cm,there were four ben seedlings per hill.Several experiments were conducted to observe the sowing period,planting density,different N fertilization levels and N fertilization proportion.[Result] The yield and yield components of Jiazao No.1 were not significantly influenced by its sowing period.In the premise that the full heading of late rice was not influenced,the sowing period of Jiazao No.1 was 10 d delayed than local normal period.As indicated by the variance analysis of different planting density,the yield was not significantly different under the treatments of 25,30 and 36 clusters /m2,but it was significantly increased under the treatments of 21.43 and 18.37 clusters/m2.Aimed at the high yield,the present appropriate cultivation density was 25-30 clusters/ m2(19.8 cm×16.5 cm to 19.8 cm×19.8 cm).The appropriate N fertilization amount was 150-195 kg/hm2;To compare the yield components of each treatment,under appropriate amount of N fertilization,there were many big ears,the quantity of total grains per unit area was large,and the seed setting rate was high;under less amount of N fertilization,there were few ears and few grains per unit area;under overdose of N fertilizers,although there were many ears and grains per unit area,the seed setting rate was low.The yield was not significantly different under the ratio of fertilizer for basic tiller to the fertilizer for panicles and grains of 8:2,7:3 and 6∶4;the ratio of 7∶3 was chosen in consideration of balanced fertilization.[Conclusion] The study provides scientific basis and guidance for the good-quality and high-yield cultivation of Jiazao No.1 in Ningde.