基于主成分分析的温室番茄最佳有机肥与微生物菌剂配比

以温室冬春茬大果型番茄"金棚323"为试验材料,设置T_1(有机肥1.5t、微生物菌剂25kg、EM菌剂15L)、T_2(有机肥2.0t、微生物菌剂50kg、EM菌剂15L)、T_3(有机肥2.5t、微生物菌剂75kg、EM菌剂15L)、T_4(有机肥3.0t、微生物菌剂100kg、EM菌剂15L)、CK(仅施用有机肥4.0t)5个处理,主要测定单果质量、维生素C含量、可滴定酸含量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性固形物含量、糖酸比、固酸比、口感接受度8项指标,应用主成分分析法对番茄品质进行综合评价,并结合番茄产量作为番茄综合品质的评定指标,研究有机肥(沼液)减施,微生物菌剂增加对番茄品质的影响,明确温室番茄优质高效的有机肥与微生物菌剂配比。结果表明:不同处理间除可溶性固形物无显著差异外,其它处理均差异显著。其中,T_3处理的单果质量最大,为203.67g;T_2处理的维生素C最高,为37.04mg·(100g)^-1;T_4处理的可滴定酸含量最高,为0.84%;T_2处理的可溶性糖含量最高,为89.78mg·g-1;T_2处理的糖酸比含量最高,为14.63;CK的固酸比最高,为10.38;T_2处理的口感接受度最好,为49.40。采用主成分分析方法对不同有机肥与微生物菌肥配比的供试番茄品种的单果质量、维生素C、可滴定酸、可溶性糖等8项品质指标进行了分析,将8个品质指标转化为3个主成分,代表主要品质性状遗传信息的90.412%的信息量。通过综合分析,明确T_2处理的综合得分最高。通过分析不同微生物菌剂施用量对番茄产量影响,明确T_4处理施用微生物菌剂最多,其产量最高。若仅考虑不同有机肥与微生物菌剂配比对产量的影响,则T_4处理的配比最佳;若考虑番茄的综合品质,则T_2处理的有机肥与微生物菌剂配比最适宜。

Comparison of Optimum Tomato Ratio of Organic Fertilizer and Microbial Bacteria Based on Principal Component Analysis in Solar Greenhouse

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of reducing organic fertilizer(biogas slurry),increasing the microbial agent on the quality of tomato,and clarifying the ratio of organic fertilizer and microbial inoculant for greenhouse tomato.With the tomato'Golden Shelf 323'as the experimental material.Five treatments(T1(organic fertilizer 1.5t,microbial agent 25 kg,EM bacteria15L),T2(organic fertilizer 2.0t,microbial agent 50 kg,EM bacteria 15L),T3(organic fertilizer2.5t,microbial agent 75 kg,EM bacteria 15L),T4(organic fertilizer 3.0t,microbial agent 100 kg,EM bacteria 15L),CK(only supplyingorganic fertilizer 4.0t))were set,surveyed and evaluated eight indexes including single fruit quality,vitamin C content,titratable acid content,soluble sugar content,soluble solid content,sugar to acid ratio,solid acid ratio,mouthfeel acceptance.The main component analysis method was used to comprehensively evaluate the tomato quality,and combined with the tomato yield,as the evaluation index of the comprehensive quality of the tomato.Eight tomato quality indicators of organic fertilizer and microbial inoculum different ratios in solar greenhouse were measured and the results were analyzed.The results showed that there were significant differences in other treatments except for soluble solids.Among them,T3 treatment had the largest single fruit weight,which was 203.67g;T2treatment had the highest vitamin C content,37.04mg·(100g)^-1;T4treatment had the highest titratable acid content,0.84%;and T2 treatment had the highest soluble sugar content(89.78mg·g^-1);T2 treatment had the highest sugar to acid ratio(14.63);CK had the highest solid to acid ratio(10.38);T2treatment had the best taste acceptance(49.40).Principal component analysis method was used to analyze 8quality indicators such as single fruit weight,vitamin C,titratable acid and soluble sugar of the test tomato varieties with different organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer ratio,and 8quality indexes were converted into 3 main component,representing90.412% of the amount of information on genetic information of major quality traits.By comprehensive analysis,it was found that T2 treatment had the highest comprehensive score.By analyzing the effect of different microbial inoculum doses on tomato yield,and T4 treatment used microbial agents the most and its yield was the highest.If only considering the effect of different organic fertilizer and microbial inoculant ratios on the yield,T4 treatment was the best;if the overall quality of tomato was taken into account,the ratio of organic fertilizer to microbial agent in T2 treatment was the most suitable.