不同水旱地小麦品种聚类分析及其利用模式研究

为了合理利用小麦种质资源,减少组配小麦杂交组合的盲目性,选取34份在中国大面积推广种植的具有一定代表性的旱薄地、旱肥地、水肥地及水旱兼用型小麦材料,以株高、穗长、有效分蘖数、单穗小穗数、单穗粒数、单株粒重、单株生物学产量、千粒重为指标进行系统聚类分析.结果表明,参试品种可以分为3组,第Ⅰ组是节水高产型品种,可作为高产型亲本;第Ⅱ组耐旱性强的旱薄地品种,可作为改良耐旱性状的亲本材料;第Ⅲ组在旱作条件下综合表现较好,主要表现为有效分蘖多,株高适中,单株粒重、千粒重大,是较为理想的节水高产育种的亲本材料.研究表明,中国小麦育种已经从耐旱潜力的挖掘转向了节水高产潜力的挖掘,选育抗旱节水高产品种是现代育种模式发展的重要方向之一.

Cluster Analysis of Different Wheat Varieties and Their Application in Breeding

In order to make rational use of wheat germplasm resources and reduce blindness in combination selection of crosses. This study selected 34 large scale cultivars in China which were representatives of thin dryland,fertile dryland, fertile irrigated and intermediate types. Plant height, spike length, available tillers, the number of spikelets per ear, kernel number per spike, kernel weight per plant, biomass per plant, thousand kernel weight were investigated and subjected to systematic cluster analysis. The results showed that the cultivars were divided into three groups, the first group was water saving and high yielding varieties which could be used as high yield parent, the second group was drought resistant varieties and could be used as parental materials to improve drought resistant traits. The third group were varieties under dry conditions with a better overall performance, such as more available tillers, appropriate plant height, heavier kernel weight per spike and thousand kernel weight and were idea parents for anti drought, water saving, stable yielding, high yielding improvement. It showed that the objectives of the wheat breeding in China had changed from digging the potential of the high yield in dryland to the exploiting the potential of water saving and high yield. To breed wheat with drought tolerance, water saving and high yield is the most important direction for wheat breeding.