耕作方式对小麦播种质量、产量和效益的影响

为明确冬小麦―夏玉米轮作种植模式中,不同耕作整地方式对小麦播种质量、产量和效益的影响,设置旋耕2次、深松+旋耕、重耙+旋耕、翻耕+轻耙、翻耕+旋耕、重耙+翻耕+轻耙和重耙+翻耕+旋耕（CK）共7种耕整地方式。结果表明,在夏玉米为籽粒玉米的地块,7种耕作整地方式中CK处理的秸秆含量较少,地表及0~20cm土层平均秸秆含量较其他处理减少27.5%和28.6%,土壤与秸秆混合较均匀,0~20cm土层中每5cm土壤平均容重较其他处理变化减小30.5%,播种深度适宜,平均3.9cm,出苗质量好,缺苗断垄较其他处理降低25.7%,苗间离散度均匀,平均极差减小39.0%,穗数最多（670.5万/hm²）、产量最高（7966.5kg/hm²）、效益最高（9051.0元/hm²）,与其他处理达显著性差异。在夏玉米为青贮玉米的地块,除旋耕2次和深松+旋耕的整地处理产量较低外,其余处理间产量差异不显著,其中翻耕+旋耕处理的产量和效益最高,分别为8133.0kg/hm²和9894.0元/hm²,效益显著高于其他处理。

Effects of Tillage Methods on Sowing Quality,Yield and Benefit of Wheat

In order to define tillage methods and soil preparation on wheat seeding quality, yield and benefit, seven kinds of tillage methods, rotary tillage two times, deep loosening + rotary tillage, heavy harrow + rotary tillage, ploughing + light harrow, ploughing + rotary tillage, harrow tillage + ploughing + light harrow and heavy harrow + ploughing + rotary tillage (CK), were carried out. The results showed that among the seven tillage methods, the straw content of CK was less, and the straw contents of the soil surface and 0-20cm soil layer were 27.5% and 28.6% less than those of other treatments, respectively. The soil and straw were mixed evenly, and the soil bulk density per 5cm in 0-20cm soil layer was 30.5% lower than that in other treatments. The seeding depth was suitable with an average of 3.9cm. The emergence quality of seedlings was good, and ridge breaking of seedlings was reduced by 25.7% compared with other treatments. The seedlings dispersion was consistent, and the mean range shrank by 39.0%. CK treatment had the largest number of ears (6.705×10⁶ per hectare), the best output (7966.5kg/ha), and the highest benefit (9051.0 yuan/ha), all of which were much higher than other treatments. Except for rotary tillage (two times) and deep loosening + rotary tillage, there was no significant yield difference among the other treatments in silage maize plot, but the tillage method of ploughing + rotary tillage had the highest yield of 8133.0kg/ha and the highest benefit of 9894.0 yuan/ha, the benefit was significantly higher than that of the other treatments.