贮藏时间对烟草品种红花大金元种子萌发和生理特性的影响

探讨烟草种子萌发和生理生化特性在不同贮藏时间的变化情况,为烟草种质资源保存和田间生产提供参考。以常温贮藏0~12个月的烟草品种“红花大金元”种子为试验材料,研究其萌发特性、抗氧化酶活性、渗透调节物质（脯氨酸、可溶性糖）、丙二醛（MDA）含量和相对电导率在贮藏过程中的变化。结果表明,种子的活力指数、发芽势、发芽率和发芽指数均随着贮藏时间的延长呈先升高后降低的趋势,贮藏6个月的种子发芽率最高,达到93.21%,贮藏12个月的种子基本失去萌发活性;随着贮藏时间的延长,超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性以及脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量整体上呈不断下降的趋势,MDA含量和相对电导率整体上呈不断提高的趋势。可见,烟草种子老化过程中,萌发能力先升高后降低,抗氧化酶活性整体下降,渗透调节物质消耗减少,细胞膜损伤加剧,在实际生产中,建议选择常温贮藏6个月内的种子。

Effects of Storage Time on Seed Germination and Physiological Characteristics of Tobacco Variety Honghuadajinyuan

Changes of germination, physiological and biochemical characteristics of tobacco seeds at different storage time were studied to provide references for tobacco germplasm conservation and field production. The seeds of tobacco variety ‘Honghuadajinyuan’ stored at room temperature for 0-12 months were used as materials to study the changes of germination characteristics, antioxidant enzyme activities, osmotic regulation substances (proline, soluble sugar), malondialdehyde (MDA) and relative conductivity during storage. The results showed that the vigor indexes, germination potential, germination rates and germination indexes of seeds increased first and then decreased with the extension of storage time. The highest germination rate was 93.21% after storage for six months, and the seeds basically lost germination activity after storage for 12 months. With the extension of storage time, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase activities, proline and soluble sugar contents decreased, MDA content and relative conductivity increased. This indicated that during the aging process of tobacco seeds, the germination ability of seeds increased first and then decreased, the activities of antioxidant enzymes decreased as a whole, the consumption of osmotic regulation substances decreased, and the damage of cell membrane intensified. In the actual production, seeds stored at room temperature for six months are recommended.