热应激对奶牛生产性能的影响及缓解措施

奶牛经过不断选育,产奶量不断提高,但高产奶量增加了奶牛机体产生的热量,在周围环境温度和湿度不断增加的情况下,热量会积累加剧,进而导致热应激的发生。为了散热,奶牛启动一系列的适应机制,包括增加呼吸频率、出汗等,长期则导致生产性能和繁殖性能的下降,极大地影响了奶牛养殖业的发展。因此,本文通过对奶牛热应激评定、热应激对奶牛的影响及缓解热应激措施进行综述,以期为缓解奶牛热应激提供有效的综合方案。

Effect and Relieve Measures of Heat Stress on Production Performance of Cows

After continuous breeding,milk yield of dairy cows increases,but high milk yield increases the heat generated by the body of dairy cows. Under the circumstance of increasing ambient temperature and humidity,heat will accumulate and intensify,leading to the occurrence of heat stress.In order to dissipate heat,dairy cows start a series of adaptation mechanisms, including increased respiratory rate,sweating,etc.,which will lead to the decline of production performance and reproductive performance in the long run,and greatly affect the development of dairy farming.Therefore,this paper reviewed the evaluation of heat stress in dairy cows,the effects of heat stress on dairy cows and the measures to relieve heat stress,in order to provide an effective comprehensive plan for relieving heat stress in dairy cows.