瘠薄胁迫对高粱主要农艺性状的影响及品种耐瘠性评价

高粱对单个养分的利用存在遗传差异和互作现象,开展全肥性的耐瘠薄分析对高粱育种与种质资源评价有指导意义。利用55个高粱品种在瘠薄和正常土壤条件下开展2年田间试验,调查生育期、株高和穗柄长等15个性状,建立耐瘠性评价方法,对高粱进行分级筛选和评价。结果表明,在瘠薄胁迫下高粱生育期延长,穗柄长和穗柄伸出长度增长,倒2叶面积降低,23个品种株高增高,32个品种株高降低,其余10个性状均降低。产量相关性状以及穗柄长和穗柄伸出长对瘠薄胁迫敏感。株高、穗柄长、穗柄伸出长、茎粗和生育期与耐瘠性呈负相关。土壤瘠薄胁迫对高粱多个性状有影响且存在差异。在瘠薄胁迫下高粱的株高主要受穗柄长和穗柄伸出长度的影响。产量和鲜生物量是耐瘠评价的首选指标,千粒重和倒2叶面积是耐瘠评价的次级指标。本研究共筛选出晋杂31号等12个耐瘠品种。

Influence of Barren Stress on Main Agronomic Traits and Evaluation of Barren-Tolerance in Sorghum Varieties

There are genetic differences and interactions in the utilization of individual nutrients in sorghum. It is of guiding significance to carry out barren-tolerance analysis of total fertility for sorghum breeding and germplasm resources evaluation. In this study, 55 sorghum varieties were used to carry out a two-year field experiment under poor soil conditions and normal soil conditions to investigating 15 characteristics such as growth period, plant height and panicle stalk length, and to establish an evaluation method for barren tolerance to screen and evaluate sorghum by grade. The results showed that the growth period of sorghum was prolonged under barren stress, panicle stalk length and panicle stalk extension length increased, the area of the last two leaves decreased, the plant height of 23 varieties increased and 32 varieties decreased, the other ten traits decreased. Yield correlation traits, panicle stalk length and panicle stalk extension length were sensitive to barren stress. Plant height, panicle stalk length, panicle stalk extension length, stem diameter and growth period were negatively correlated with barren-tolerance. Soil barren stress had different effects on sorghum traits. Under barren stress, the plant height of sorghum was mainly affected by panicle stalk length and panicle stalk extension length. Yield and fresh biomass were the first choices for evaluation of barren stress, and 1000-grain weight and the area of the second leaf were the secondary indexes for evaluation of barren stress. In this study, a total of 12 sterile resistant varieties such as Jinza 31 were screened.