黔西南州烟区烤烟高可用性上部叶适宜采收期研究

为探明黔西南州烟区烤烟上部叶的适宜采收期,确定最适于当地产质量提升的成熟采收标准,以云烟87为试验材料,研究上6片烟叶采收期（提前4d,正常和延迟4、8、12d采收）对烤后烟叶外观品质、化学成分、经济性状和感官品质的影响。结果表明,随着采收时间的延迟,烟叶的成熟度增加,烟碱含量升高,相对叶绿素含量（SPAD值）和糖碱比降低。适当延迟采收能改善上6片烟叶的品质,叶片厚度减小、疏松度提高、油分增多、香气量增加、刺激性降低,感官品质好,经济效益高。通过对经济性状和感官评吸模拟回归方程得出,上部烟叶延迟3.03d采收产值最高,延迟6.95d采收评吸总分最高。综合经济效益和感官质量,黔西南州烟区上部烟叶应适当延迟5~7d,在上3片烟叶SPAD值10.36~12.79、下3片SPAD值11.82~13.82的区间进行采收,且按照先下3片、后上3片分类采收后编杆装炕较适宜,可获得产量和质量均较好且可用性高的优质上部烟叶。

Study on the Suitable Harvest Date of High Availability Upper Leaves of Flue-Cured Tobacco in Southwestern Guizhou

Yunyan 87 was used as the experimental material to find out the suitable harvest time of high-availability upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco in the Southwestern Guizhou Autonomous Prefecture tobacco areas and to determine the mature harvest standard that is most suitable for local quality improvement. The effects of the harvest date of the upper six leaves (harvested 4 days in advance, normal, and delayed 4, 8, and 12 days) on the appearance quality, chemical composition, economic properties, and sensory quality were studied. The results showed that, with the delay of harvest date, the maturity of tobacco leaves and the nicotine content increased while the SPAD value and sugar-alkali ratio decreased. Properly delayed harvesting could improve the quality of the upper six tobacco leaves, reduce leaf thickness, improve porosity, increase oil content, increase aroma, reduce irritation, good sensory quality, and high economic benefits. Through the simulated regression equation of economic characters and sensory evaluation, it was concluded that the yield value was the highest when the upper tobacco leaves were harvested after a delay of 3.03 days. The total score of the upper tobacco leaves was the highest when the harvesting was delayed by 6.95 days. Based on the comprehensive economic benefits and sensory quality, the upper tobacco leaves in the tobacco areas of Southwest Guizhou Autonomous Prefecture should be appropriately delayed for 5-7 days. The SPAD values of the upper three leaves were 10.36-12.79 and the SPAD values of the lower three leaves were 11.82-13.82. It was more appropriate to harvest the lower three leaves first and then the upper three leaves, and then weave rods and install Kang. At this time, high-quality upper tobacco leaves with good yield and quality and high availability could be obtained.