不同肥料配比对贵州禾苟当1号产量及食味品质的影响

采用“3414”试验设计,研究不同肥料配比对贵州禾苟当1号产量及其构成因素、干物质积累量、稻米淀粉RVA特征谱及香味物质相对含量的影响。结果表明,不同肥料配比下N₂P₂K₂处理产量最高,为7.27t/hm²,与N₂P₀K₂和N₂P₃K₂处理差异不显著。从产量构成因素来看,各处理产量与有效穗数、总颖花量、结实率和千粒重呈正相关,其中与有效穗数达到显著水平。N₂P₂K₂处理在保证结实率和千粒重的前提下,有效穗数多,抽穗后期干物质积累量大,从而达到高产。从稻米品质来看,随着氮、磷、钾肥施用量的增加,峰值黏度和崩解值均不同程度降低,稻米食味品质降低。随着磷肥施用量的增加,籽粒香味挥发性主要物质相对含量逐渐上升,其中N₂P₃K₂处理香味物质相对含量最高。N₂P₃K₂处理可在保证产量的基础上增加籽粒香味。利用肥料效应方程分析得出,苟当1号获得最佳产量的施肥量为N 174.45kg/hm²、P₂O₅ 52.80kg/hm²和KCl 103.65kg/hm²,产量为6.86t/hm²。

Effects of Different Fertilizer Ratios on Yield and Taste Quality of Guizhouhe Goudang No.1

The effects of various fertilizer ratios on yield and its components, dry matter accumulation, RVA characteristic spectrum of rice starch, and relative concentration of fragrance compounds in Guizhouhe Goudang No.1 were investigated by the “3414” experimental design. Under various fertilizer ratios, the yield of N₂P₂K₂ treatment was the highest at 7.27t/ha, which was not significant different from that of N₂P₀K₂ and N₂P₃K₂ treatments. Grain yield of each treatments were all positively associated with effective panicles, total spikelets, seed-setting rate, and 1000-grain weight, with the effective panicles reaching a statistically significant level (P < 0.05). Under the premise of ensuring seed-setting rate and 1000-grain weight, N₂P₂K₂ treatment had more effective panicles and greater dry matter accumulation at the late heading stage, so as to achieve high yield. From the perspective of rice quality, with the increase of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer application rate, the peak viscosity and breakdown viscosity value decreased to varying degrees, and the rice eating quality decreased. With the increase of phosphorus fertilizer application rate, the relative content of the main aroma volatile substances in grains gradually increased, among which the relative content of N₂P₃K₂ treatment was the highest. In conclusion, N₂P₃K₂ treatment could increase grain flavor on the basis of ensuring yield. The optimum yield of Goudang No.1 was 6.86t/ha with the treatment of 174.45kg/ha of N, 52.80kg/ha of P₂O₅, 103.65kg/ha of KCl through the equation of fertilizer effect.