冷凉区不同地膜覆盖对玉米干物质和氮素积累与分配的影响

为探明冷凉区地膜覆盖对玉米干物质积累、分配及运转和对氮素积累的影响,以玉米品种大德216为材料,在吉林省安图县进行田间试验,设置透明可降解地膜覆盖（T1）、透明不可降解地膜覆盖（T2）、黑色不可降解地膜覆盖（T3）和无膜（TCK）处理,测定干物质、氮素积累量及产量。结果表明,不同地膜覆盖均能显著提高玉米产量,其中T1和T2处理的产量显著高于T3处理。3种地膜覆盖均能显著增加玉米干物质积累,在播种后65、90、105和140d,T1和T2处理的干物质积累均显著高于T3处理。不同覆膜处理在播种后65~90d积累量最多,3种覆膜处理条件下的氮素积累均显著高于TCK处理,成熟期各器官氮素积累分配比例表现为籽粒>叶>茎>鞘>雄穗。综上,地膜覆盖可提高玉米干物质积累量,优化物质运转分配,促进玉米氮素积累,提高玉米产量,透明覆膜栽培可有效改善冷凉区积温不足、只能种植早熟品种的局限性,拓宽品种选择范围。透明可降解地膜为冷凉区玉米最佳抗逆丰产栽培模式。

Effects of Mulching Different Plastic Films on Accumulation and Distribution of Dry Matter and Nitrogen in Maize in Cold and Cool Areas

To investigate the effects of mulching on dry matter accumulation, distribution and transportion of maize and on nitrogen accumulation in cold and cool areas, field trials was carried out in Antu county in Jilin province. Using maize variety Dade 216 as material, four treatments were set up, degradable transparent mulching film (T1), non-degradable transparent mulching (T2), non-degradable black film mulching (T3), no film mulching (TCK) to determine dry matter, nitrogen accumulation and yield. The results indicated that different plastic mulching could significantly increase the yield of maize, and the yields of T1 and T2 treatments were significantly higher than that of T3 treatment. The three kinds of plastic film mulching could significantly increase the dry matter accumulation of maize. The dry matter accumulation of T1 and T2 treatments were significantly higher than that of T3 treatment at 65, 90, 105 and 140 days after sowing. The accumulation of nitrogen in different mulching treatments was the largest in 65-90 days after sowing and the nitrogen accumulation under the three plastic mulching treatments were significantly higher than that of TCK treatment. During the maturation period, the proportion of nitrogen accumulation and distribution ratio of each organ was grains > leaves > stems > sheaths > tassels. In conclusion, plastic film mulching may boost the accumulation of maize nitrogen, raise the accumulation of dry matter, optimize the distribution of matter promote nitrogen accumulation, and so as to lead to an increase in maize yield. Transparent film mulching cultivation could effectively improve the limitation of insufficient accumulated temperature in cold and cool areas and low growth period, which could only plant early-maturing varieties, and broaden the range of varieties. The degradable transparent mulch film was the best high-yield and stress-resistant cultivation model for maize in cold and cool areas.