宽幅条播冬小麦水分利用与干物质积累、品质的关系及播种密度的调控研究

为明确冬小麦采用宽幅条播技术的增产及优质机理,于2017-2018年在黄淮海流域西部开展不同播种密度对宽幅条播冬小麦植株干物质积累量、水分利用效率及品质影响的研究。结果表明,播种密度为480万株/hm²时,提高了植株各阶段干物质积累量,增加了花前作物耗水量及生育期总耗水,显著提高了小麦产量,增幅达3.5%~16.2%,提高水分利用效率1.3%~11.8%;显著提高了籽粒蛋白质及其组分含量,总蛋白提高2.5%~11.8%,提高了谷/醇值;显著提高了淀粉、湿面筋和干面筋含量;提高了淀粉糊化特性,其中峰值黏度、保持黏度、最终黏度和糊化温度均达显著水平。较其他播种密度处理,小麦吸水率和面团形成时间以播种密度为240万株/hm²时最高;240万和480万株/hm²处理的面团稳定时间和粉质质量数高于其他处理;弱化度以360万株/hm²处理最高。宽幅条播冬小麦不同播种密度条件下,拔节―开花阶段耗水量与产量、籽粒蛋白质含量、谷/醇值、淀粉含量、湿面筋含量、干面筋含量和面筋指数均呈显著正相关。总之,宽幅条播冬小麦采用480万株/hm²播种密度有利于提高植株干物质积累量,增加花前作物耗水,提高产量、水分利用效率、籽粒营养品质和面粉加工品质,实现了冬小麦优质增产增效。

Research on the Relationship between Water Use and Dry Matter Accumulation and Quality of Wide Space Sowing Winter Wheat and the Regulation of Sowing Density

In order to clarify the yield and quality mechanism of the wide space seed technology in winter wheat, the effects of different seeding densities on the dry matter accumulation, the plant water use efficiency and the quality of Wide Space Sowing (WSS) winter wheat were examined quality wheat production base in Western High-Huai-Hai Basin from 2017 to 2018. The results showed that, when the seeding density was 4.8×10⁶ plant/ha, the dry matter accumulation of plant in each phase, water consumption before flowering and total water consumption in growth period increased and significantly increased yield (3.5%-16.2%), improve the water use efficiency (1.3%-11.8%). The treatment with seeding density of 4.8×10⁶ plant/ha increased the grain protein and its componentes content significantly, the total protein increased by 2.5%-11.8% and the glutenin/gliadin ratio was increased. The contents of wet gluen, dry gluten and starch were increased significantly. The gelatinization properties of starch was improved, and the peak viscosity, retention viscosity, final viscosity and gelatinization temperature all reached significant values. Compared with other seeding density treatments, the water absorption and the development of wheat reached the highest with a seeding density of 2.4×10⁶ plant/ha. The stabilization time and the farinograph quality number were higher than other treatments with seeding densities of 2.4×10⁶ and 4.8×10⁶ plant/ha. The softening degree of 3.6×10⁶ plant/ha treatment was the highest. Under different seeding densities, there was a significantly positive correlation between soil water consumption and yield in the joint-flowering period. It was also positively correlated with grain protein content, glutenin/gliadin ratio, starch content, wet gluten content, dry gluten content, and gluten index. In short, the seeding density of winter wheat with 4.8×10⁶ plant/ha was beneficial to increase plant dry matter accumulation, water consumption before flowering, yield, WUE and grain nutrition quality and flour processing quality, and achieve high quality, high yield and high efficiency in winter wheat.