向日葵抗盐碱生理生化机制与生长发育特性分析

以Y05-222A和Y06-136R杂交得到的135株F₂群体为研究材料,测定过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、脯氨酸（Pro）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、可溶性蛋白和丙二醛（MDA）等6个生理指标,并进行方差分析、相关性分析和通径分析,对F₂群体进行偏度及峰度分析。结果显示,以上6个生理指标在F₂群体中P>0.05,分布频率符合正态分布,同时存在双向超亲分离现象;相关性分析和通径分析显示,这些指标与抗盐碱系数均呈极显著相关（正相关或负相关）,且相关系数与总间接通径系数方向一致。POD活性的直接通径系数为0.5003,可见POD直接影响抗盐碱性;CAT活性和Pro含量的直接通径系数分别为-0.1317和-0.0384,间接影响抗盐碱性;SOD活性、MDA及可溶性蛋白含量直接或间接影响抗盐碱性。POD、SOD、Pro、CAT、可溶性蛋白和MDA各生理指标的抗盐碱作用表现为POD>CAT>Pro>可溶性蛋白>MDA>SOD。叶片数、株高、茎粗和盘径与抗盐碱系数呈极显著正相关,其相关性表现为叶片数>盘径>株高>茎粗。以上结果可为研究油用向日葵抗盐碱性提供一定的理论基础。

Analysis of Physiological and Biochemical Mechanism and Growth and Development Characteristics of Saline and Alkali Resistance in Sunflower

A total of 135 strains of the F₂ population, produced by crossing of Y05-222A and Y06-136R, were used as materials to assess the levels of proline (Pro), soluble protein, malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as the activities of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and variance, correlation, and path analyses were performed. The F₂ population?s skewness and kurtosis were also examined. The outcomes demonstrated that the frequencies followed a normal distribution and the six physiological indexes of the F₂ population were P > 0.05. It simultaneously demonstrated the separation of the bidirectional superaffinity. The six physiological indexes had highly correlations with salinity and alkali resistance coefficients, according to correlation and path analysis. The direction of the total indirect path coefficient and correlation was identical. The direct path coefficient of POD activity was 0.5003, which indicated it directly affected saline and alkali resistance. The direct path coefficients of CAT activity and Pro content were -0.1317 and -0.0384, respectively, which indicated it indirectly affected saline and alkali resistance, and SOD, MDA and soluble protein directly or indirectly affected salinity resistance. The Anti-saline effects of POD, SOD, Pro, CAT, soluble protein, MDA showed POD > CAT > Pro > soluble protein > MDA > SOD. Number of leaves, plant height, stem diameter and disk diameter had significant positive correlation with the salinity and alkali resistance coefficient. And the correlation showed number of leaves > disk diameter > plant height > stem diameter. The results provide theoretical basis for salinity salt and alkali resistance of oil sunflower.