黄淮海夏大豆不同年份、地点的产量差异分析

为探究年份间、地点间、品种间及其互作效应下大豆产量差异,对2016-2017年黄淮海夏大豆产区的北片、中片和南片区试数据进行多因素方差分析。结果表明,除北片年份×品种互作效应对大豆产量差异不显著外（P>0.05）,其他各片的年份、地点、品种以及年份×地点、年份×品种、地点×品种、年份×地点×品种互作效应的产量差异均达极显著水平（P<0.01）。其中地点对黄淮海北片、中片和南片的产量差异贡献率最大,分别为57.92%、71.76%和46.91%,品种的贡献率分别为3.85%、4.67%和8.52%,年份的贡献率分别为2.85%、1.02%和0.71%。多重比较分析表明,北片、中片和南片中平均产量最高的河北宁晋、邯郸和山东菏泽比平均产量较低的河北石家庄、河南洛阳和安徽宿州分别高45.66%、71.67%和50.13%,差异达极显著。中黄78、中黄70和中黄301平均产量极显著高于相应对照品种,变异系数小。相关性分析表明,大豆产量与单株粒重和百粒重呈极显著正相关性,与经、纬度无显著相关性。因此,在实现大豆高产的过程中,选择优质、高产、广适的大豆品种是首要条件,同时提高管理水平,发挥高产潜力,实现增产。

Analysis on the Yield Differences of Huanghuaihai Summer Soybeans in Different Years and Locations

In order to study yield differences in soybeans between years, locations, varieties and interaction effects, the multi-factor analysis of variance was carried out on the test data of the northern, central and southern parts of the Huanghuaihai summer soybean regions from 2016 to 2017. The results showed that, with the exception of the soybean yield difference of the years×varieties in the northern part was not significant (P > 0.05), the years, the locations, the varieties and the interaction effect years×locations, years×varieties, locations×varieties, and years×locations×varieties had extremely significant differences in soybean yield (P < 0.01). The contribution rates of the locations were the highest with 57.92%, 71.76%, 46.91% of the yield of the northern, central and southern parts, the contribution rates of the varieties were 3.85%, 4.67%, 8.52%, and the contribution rates for the years were 2.85%, 1.02% and 0.71%, respectively. Multiple comparative analyzes showed that Ningjin, Handan of Hebei and Heze of Shandong with the highest average yield in the northern, central and southern parts were 45.66%, 71.67% and 50.13% higher than those of Shijiazhuang of Hebei, Luoyang of Henan and Suzhou of Anhui with the lowest average yield, and the differences were extremely significant. The average yields of Zhonghuang 78, Zhonghuang 70, and Zhonghuang 301 were significantly higher than those of the corresponding control varieties, and the coefficient of variation was small. The correlation analysis showed that the soybean yield had a very significant positive correlation with the seed weight per plant and the 100-seed weight, but had no significant correlation with the longitude and latitude of different planting locations. Therefore, in attaining a high yield of soybeans, the first requirement is the selection of high quality, high yield, and wide adaptability soybean varieties. Improving soybean management and releasing yield potential fully also contribute to achieving high yield.