不同年代主要玉米品种穗部性状演变研究

采用裂区试验设计,以密度为主区(15 000、45 000、75 000株/hm2),品种为副区,对我国不同年代34个主要玉米品种穗部性状演变进行了研究。结果表明:随着年代的更替,产量、穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、秃尖长、千粒重显著增加,出籽率显著降低。通径分析结果表明:主要穗部性状对产量的作用依次为穗粗千粒重行粒数出籽率,穗粗、千粒重、行粒数的增加是玉米产量提高的主要原因。在玉米品种选育中应保持行粒数,着重改良穗粗、千粒重,提高出籽率,并协调出籽率与其他性状的关系。

Study on Evolution of Ear Characteristics of Main MaizeVarieties in Different Eras

The analysis of ear characteristics evolution, which was based on split-plot experiment design with main varieties in different eras in China as sub-plot, as well as density as main plot, was carried out. The result showed that the characteristics such as yield, ear length, ear diameter, rows per ear, kernels per row, bald head length, 1 000-kernel weight significantly raised, while grain index significantly decreased. Path analysis showed an order about the important contribution of ear characteristics to yield from large to small: ear diameter > 1 000-kernel weight > kernels per row > grain index. The improved of ear diameter, kernel per row, 1 000-kernel weight played an important role in yield development. In order to future improve maize production we should put more emphasize on ear diameter and 1 000-kernel weight, raise grain index, and coordinate the relationship between grain index and other characteristics.