海南热带雨林国家公园兰科植物重点保护与优先监测策略

为摸清海南热带雨林国家公园内的兰科植物种质资源概况，制定合理的保育策略，笔者以海南热带雨林国家公园范围内的野生兰科植物为研究对象，在全域调查的基础上，通过建立兰科植物保护紧迫性综合评价体系，分析致濒危原因，并筛选出重点保护物种。结果表明:在调查到的81属230种兰科植物中，需优先监测保护的物种共98种，筛选出排名前10物种共12种（其中3种并列第10）；狭域物种共14种，占已调查种数的6.09 %；极危种7种、濒危种26种、易危种48种，合计占已调查种数的35.22 %；受威胁兰科植物148种，占已调查种数的64.35 %；共筛选出17个兰科植物热点分布区。研究区域内的兰科物种多样性较早年研究数量增多，生境破坏对兰科植物影响最大。本研究对海南热带雨林国家公园的野生兰科植物建立了优先保护监测区域，利用较少的资源保护更多的物种，对制定合理、科学和有效的保护策略提供了本底资料和理论支持。

Strategies for conservation and priority monitoring of key orchid plants in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park

In order to find out the general situation of orchid germplasm resources in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park and formulate reasonable conservation strategies, a comprehensive evaluation system for urgency of orchid conservation was established based on an overall survey of wild orchid plants in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park to analyze the causes of endangerment, and screen out key orchid species for conservation. The results showed that among the 81 genera and 230 species of orchids under survey a total of 98 species needed to be monitored and conserved first, with 12 of the top ten species being selected (3 species were tied for the 10th species). There were 14 narrowly distributed orchid species, accounting for 6.09 % of the species under survey, and there were 7 critically endangered species, 26 endangered species, and 48 vulnerable species, all of which accounted for 35.22 % of the species under survey. There were 148 threatened orchid species, accounting for 64.35% of the species under survey. A total of 17 orchid hotspots were screened out. The diversity of orchid species in the study area increased compared with the earlier studies, and habitat destruction was found to have the greatest impact on orchids. A priority conservation and monitoring area for wild orchids in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park was hence established, and more orchid species have been conserved in this area, which might provide baseline data and theoretical support for formulating strategies for reasonable, scientific and effective conservation of orchids.