基于主成分分析的青贮玉米品种农艺性状评价及筛选研究

为筛选高产且适宜西宁地区种植的全株青贮玉米（Zea mays L.）品种，本研究以引进的16个青贮玉米品种为材料，通过对13个农艺性状进行方差分析、相关性分析和主成分分析及对16个品种进行含水量分析，并进行品比试验。结果表明：综合得分在10分以上的品种高低排列顺序依次为：‘翔玉998’、‘优迪919’、‘五谷703’、‘翔玉198’、‘高玉2300’、‘铁研53’；在农艺性状方面，‘翔玉998’的株高312.30 cm，单株总重1.41 kg，单株叶数13.07片；‘优迪919’的株高332.00 cm，单株总重1.28 kg，单株叶数12.80片；‘五谷703’的株高265.83 cm，单株总重0.82 kg，单株叶数11.70片；‘翔玉198’的株高318.37 cm，单株总重1.34 kg，单株叶数12.97片；‘高玉2300’的株高312.47 cm，单株总重0.74 kg，单株叶数12.17片；‘铁研53’的株高321.17 cm，单株总重0.98 kg，单株叶数14.10片，这6个品种综合性状较好；且‘铁研53’、‘翔玉998’、‘优迪919’、‘高玉2300’含水量分别为72.01%，67.75%，65.80%，60.49%，达到西宁市青贮玉米含水量收割的标准；因此，从农艺性状和含水量两方面综合考虑，‘翔玉998’、‘优迪919’、‘五谷703’、‘翔玉198’、‘高玉2300’、‘铁研53’在田间表现优良，适宜作为全株青贮玉米品种在西宁地区推广种植。

Evaluation and Screening of Agricultural Characters of Silage Maize Varieties Based on Principal Component Analysis

In order to screen the silage maize varieties with high yield and suitable for planting in xining,this study took the 16 introduced silage maize varieties as materials,and carried out variance analysis,correlation analysis,principal component analysis and moisture content analysis of the 13 agronomic characters and 16 varieties. The results showed that the order of varieties with comprehensive score of more than 10 points was ‘Xiangyu 998’,‘Youdi 919’,‘Wugu 703’,‘Xiangyu 198’,‘Gaoyu 2300’,‘Tieyan 53’. In terms of agronomic characters,‘Xiangyu 998’ has a plant height of 312.30 cm,a total weight of 1.41 kg per plant and a leaf number of 13.07 per plant. Plant height of ‘Youdi 919’ was 332.00 cm,total weight per plant was 1.28 kg,and the number of leaves per plant was 12.80. ‘Wugu 703’ was 265.83 cm in height,0.82 kg in weight and 11.70 leaves per plant. Plant height of ‘Xiangyu 198’ was 318.37 cm,total weight per plant was 1.34 kg,and the number of leaves per plant was 12.97. Plant height of ‘Gaoyu 2300’ was 312.47 cm,total weight per plant was 0.74 kg,and the number of leaves per plant was 12.17. Plant height of ‘Tieyan 53’ was 321.17 cm,total weight per plant was 0.98 kg,and the number of leaves per plant was 14.10,the six varieties had good comprehensive characters,and the water content of ‘Tieyan 53’,‘Xiangyu 998’,‘Yodi 919’ and ‘Gaoyu 2300’ were 72.01%,67.75%,65.80% and 60.49% respectively,the water content of silage corn in Xining reached the standard of harvesting. From the comprehensive consideration of agronomic characters and water content,‘Xiangyu 998’,‘Youdi 919’,‘Wugu 703’,‘Xiangyu 198’,‘Gaoyu 2300’ and ‘Tieyan 53’ have good performance in the field,which is suitable for the whole plant silage maize variety to be popularized and planted in Xining area.